Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in the response of both the innate and the adaptive immune system to microbial ligands. There is also evidence that they are stimulated by endogenous ligands. In this review, I discuss evidence that they are important in renal disease. This discussion considers the role of both endogenous and microbial ligands, and also the contribution of TLRs pre...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one relapsing and lifelong disease that affects millions of patients worldwide. Increasing evidence has recently highlighted immune-system dysfunction, especially toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune dysfunction, as central players in the pathogenesis of IBD. TLRs and TLR-activated signaling pathways are involved not only in the pathogenesis but ...

Abstract Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) form a large subfamily of proteins in plants. RLCKs are known to regulate plant immunity bacterial and fungal pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide complement maize RLCK genes conducted detailed studies on one RLCK. The genome encodes 192 that largely mirror family other Previous implicated Arabidopsis BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE1 (...

genome-wide association studies (gwas) have identified genetic variants contributing to the risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) at the chromosome 9p21 locus. the chromosome 9p21 is an important susceptibility locus for several multifactorial diseases like ischemic stroke, aortic aneurysm, type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (cad). f7 gene because of its role in activating the ...

purpose: to describe the variability of ocular and systemic findings in two brothers with gaucher's disease. case report: ophthalmic, general clinical evaluation and enzymatic studies were performed in two brothers, 14 and 7 years old with gaucher’s disease. mental retardation, occipital meningomyelocele and gaucher cells in bone marrow in addition to high myopia and various fundus abnorma...

dream should be considered as a kind of cognitive ability that is formed parallel to other cognitive capabilities like language. on the other hand, multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease that can involve different aspects of our cognition. therefore, ms may influence patients' dreams. in fact, we do not know what the importance of dream is in ms, but further studies may introduce dream an...

hydatid disease is a common and major public health issue caused by parasite echinococcus granulosus . the highest prevalence of the parasite can be found in different parts of world like africa, australia, and south america. this infection can occurs in almost any part of the body. here we present clinical, radiological, histological features and treatment of a multi ve­sicular osseous hydatid...