A category may bear many monoidal structures, but (to within a unique isomorphism) only one structure of “category with finite products”. To capture such distinctions, we consider on a 2-category those 2-monads for which algebra structure is essentially unique if it exists, giving a precise mathematical definition of “essentially unique” and investigating its consequences. We call such 2-monads...

A category may bear manymonoidal structures, but (to within a unique isomorphism) only one structure of \category with nite products". To capture such distinctions, we consider on a 2-category those 2-monads for which algebra structure is essentially unique if it exists, giving a precise mathematical de nition of \essentially unique" and investigating its consequences. We call such 2-monads pro...

During the past half century, there have been many examples of Buddhist-Christian dialogues in Japan. This article analyzes the dialogue between members of the Risshō Kōsei-kai association and the Focolare Movement, a dialogue that is based on a friendship and a deep spiritual unity that comes from living radically according to one’s own religion and being attentive and open to the other’s. Fro...

Combinatorial methods have emerged as valuable tools for the discovery of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules with novel structures and properties. While combinatorial methods can generate de novo proteins with native-like properties, finding such proteins in libraries containing an abundance of non-native structures has proved difficult and tedious. To overcome these difficulties, we ...

Ooids are common carbonate particles that are traditionally considered as abiogenically formed by physical and chemical processes in highly agitated environments. Recent studies point to the importance of microbial activities in ooid formation, but more case studies are required to confirm and clarify the roles of microbes and their organomineralization processes. Here we report an integrated p...

This is the fourth article in a four-article series that examines Buddhist responses to the Western philosophical problem of whether free will is compatible with “determinism,” the scientific doctrine of universal lawful causation. The first article focused on “early period” scholarship from the 1970’s, which was primarily compatibilist, that is, of the view that the Buddhist conception of caus...

Buddhism originated and developed in an Indian cultural context that featured many first-person practices for producing and exploring states of consciousness through the systematic training of attention. In contrast, the dominant methods of investigating the mind in Western cognitive science have emphasized third-person observation of the brain and behavior. In this chapter, we explore how thes...

Abstract Since COVID-19 is a global-scale pandemic, it can only be solved on the global level. In this context, intercultural dialogues are of utmost importance. Indeed, different models traditional ethics might assistance in constructing new, that could help us confront present predicament and prepare for other possible crises await future. The explosive, pandemic spread 2020 clearly demonstra...

This paper offers a survey of current writing and practice within the area of Buddhist environmental ethics. Consideration of the manner in which sections of contemporary Buddhism have embraced a range of environmental concerns suggests that four fairly distinct types of discourse are in the process of formation, i.e., eco-spirituality, eco-justice, eco-traditionalism and eco-apologetics. This ...

From the Buddhist point of view, anger is a form of suffering-because the angry individual suffers as well as his or her victims. In the traditional Buddhist view, suffering is caused by three mental factors, The Three Poisons: Desire, Aversion, and Ignorance. The dynamics of anger are conceptualized on the basis of these three mental factors, as well as the biology of anger and aggression. The...