Materials and Methods: Patients over 17 years of age who presented with vertigo as a chief complaint were included in the study. 2 mg diazepam, 50 mg diphenhydramine, or 50 mg dimenhydrinate were given IV over 2 min. Patients evaluated their vertigo perception with Likert numeric (1-10) scale during walking, standing, sitting, and supine positions. Patients also evaluated additional symptoms an...

This prospective, randomized study evaluated continuous-flow cold therapy for postoperative pain in outpatient arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. In group 1, cold therapy was constant for 3 days then as needed in days 4 through 7. Group 2 had no cold therapy. Evaluations and diaries were kept at 1, 2, and 8 hours after surgery, and then daily. Pain was assessed using...

We examined the effects of response biases on 360-degree feedback using a large sample (N=4,675) of organizational appraisal data. Sixteen competencies were assessed by peers, bosses and subordinates of 922 managers, as well as self-assessed, using the Inventory of Management Competencies (IMC) administered in two formats – Likert scale and multidimensional forced choice. Likert ratings were su...

The visual-analogue scale (VAS), Likert item (rating scale), pills identification test (PIT), and medication possession ratio (MPR) provide estimates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence which correlate with HIV viral suppression. These simple adherence measures are inexpensive and easy to administer; however, require validation and adjustment prior to implementation. The objective of this...

Formality is one of the most important dimensions of writing style variation. In this study we conducted an inter-rater reliability experiment for assessing sentence formality on a five-point Likert scale, and obtained good agreement results as well as different rating distributions for different sentence categories. We also performed a difficulty analysis to identify the bottlenecks of our rat...

Methods: Results of a survey of 62 participants (40 females, 22 males), aged 13 to 20, from seven different countries of the Caribbean community participating in the CHLP, were analyzed. Participants rated changes due to the CHLP in nineteen different lifestyle variables targeted over the course of the program on a 1 (made it much worse) through 3 (did not affect it) to 5 (improved it a lot) Li...

The 252-item Pavlovian Temperament Survey-Revised (PTS-R) was adapted for English speaking countries and then administered to 622 subjects (315 female and 307 male). Items for the final 160-item version were selected on the basis of the criteria outlined by Strelau ef al. (1990; European Journal of Personalily, 4, 209-235). A 78-item short form was also developed. Both inventories are scored on...

Surgical anxiety creates psychological and physiological stress, causes complications in surgical procedures, and prolongs recovery. Relaxation of patients in postoperative intensive care units can moderate patient vital signs, reduce discomfort, and shorten length of stay. This study explores the use of virtual reality cybertherapy to reduce postoperative distress in patients that have recentl...

Methods Using a modified version of the SERVQUAL questionnaire, participants were asked to assign a score to each of 10 service quality factors (SQFs) on a 5 point Likert scale to indicate (i) how important they considered each SQF in relation to their attendance at the clinic & (ii) their actual experience that day. Participants were also invited to describe anything they found particularly sa...

Surgical residents have insufficient opportunites to learn basic hemostatic skills from clinical experience alone. We designed an ex-vivo training system using porcine organs and a circulation pump to teach hemostatic skills. Residents were surveyed before and after the training and showed significant improvement in their self-confidence (1.83 ± 1.05 vs 3.33 ± 0.87, P < 0.01) on a 5 point Liker...