Upper limb movements such as using chopsticks and writing require coordination. Hence, coordination tests such as the Purdue Pegboard test (Buddenberg & Davis, 2000) and the Moving Beans with Tweezers test (Shigematsu et al., 2001) have been developed (Ferslew et al., 1982; Noguchi et al., 2006; Nakafuji & Tsuji, 2001). Nagasawa et al. (2002) developed a controlled force exertion (CFE) test pur...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to reveal the shared neural resources between movements performed with effectors of the left versus right body side. Prior to scanning, subjects extensively practiced a complex coordination pattern involving cyclical motions of the ipsilateral hand and foot according to a 90 degrees out-of-phase coordination mode. Brain activity associated with thi...

Falls among community-dwelling older adults are often triggered by uneven walkways. Joint coordination and its variability change with age may place at risk of falling. It is unclear how irregular surfaces impact lower-limb joint if such changes exacerbated aging. To what extent do inter-joint variability, over flat brick walkways, differ between young healthy adults? A motion-capture system co...

Every time we perform an action, our brain receives a large amount of sensory information about both the environment and our own bodies. All this information is used to continuously update our model of the world and act accordingly. Sensory-motor coordination—literally the coordination of our sensory and motor systems—allows us to create a mental representation of our own bodies. When this coor...

Spinal pattern generators in quadrupedal animals can coordinate different forms of locomotion, like trotting or galloping, by altering coordination between the limbs (interlimb coordination). In the human system, infants have been used to study the subcortical control of gait, since the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract are immature early in life. Like other animals, human infants can mod...