We explore the effect of precisely defined geometric imperfections on the buckling load of spherical shells under external pressure loading, using finite element analysis that was previously validated through precision experiments. Our numerical simulations focus on the limit of large amplitude defects and reveal a lower bound that depends solely on the shell radius to thickness ratio and the a...

BACKGROUND Recent studies reported that the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio is inversely associated with biomarkers traditionally used to measure immune activation and systemic inflammation in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-infected (HIV+) patients. The relation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection with the CD4/CD8 ratio in HIV+ patients is unknown. METHODS We examined 50,201 CD4/CD8...

In this paper the effect of random geometric imperfections on the critical load of isotropic, thin-walled, cylindrical shells under axial compression with rectangular cutouts is presented. Second moment characteristics of geometric imperfections are estimated by data of available measurements, a simulation procedure based on the Karhunen-Loève expansion is applied for generating realizations of...

The reduction of viral load is frequently used as a primary endpoint in HIV clinical trials. Non-linear mixed-effects models are thus proposed to model this decrease of the viral load after initiation of treatment and to evaluate the intraand inter-patient variability. However, left censoring due to quantification limits in the viral load measurement is an additional challenge in the analysis o...

case presentation a 52-year-old malay gentleman, with hepatitis c virus and hiv infection was admitted to the intensive care unit for severe lactic acidosis, with concurrent escherichia coli bacteremia with multiorgan dysfunction. the patient was started on highly active antiretroviral therapy, which included tenofovir, 5 weeks before presentation. antimicrobial therapy, continuous veno-venous ...

Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load dis...

The branched DNA hybridization assay has been improved by the inclusion of the novel nucleotides, isoC and isoG, in the amplification sequences to prevent non-specific hybridization. The novel isoC, isoG-containing amplification sequences have no detectable interaction with any natural DNA sequence. The control of non-specific hybridization in turn permits increased signal amplification. Additi...

In this paper, individual and combined effects of distributed and local geometrical imperfections on the limit load of an isotropic, thin-walled cylindrical shell under axial compression are investigated. First eigen affine mode shape imperfection pattern (FEAMSIP) is taken as distributed geometrical imperfections and dent as local geometrical imperfections. Limit load of the cylindrical shells...

Peripheral nerve trunks are viscoelastic tissues with unique mechanical characteristics. Tensile strength, which includes elastic limit and mechanical failure, concerns surgeons. This study shows that measurements of the load necessary to achieve certain elongations on specimens outside the body do not correspond with in situ measurements. The necessary load is influenced by the presence or abs...