This paper addresses an approximation-based anti-windup (AW) control strategy for suppressing the windup effect caused by actuator saturation nonlinearity in proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controlled systems. The effect of actuator constraint is firstly regarded as a disturbance imported to the PID controller. The external disturbance can then be modeled by a linear differential equatio...

Highly evolved eusocial insects such as ants return from a food source to their nest by the shortest possible distance. This form of navigation, called path-integration, involves keeping track of the distance travelled and the angles steered on the outbound journey, which then aids in the computation of the shortest return distance. In featureless terrain, ants rely on the path integrator to tr...

Downbeat nystagmus (DN), a fixation nystagmus with the fast phases directed downward, is usually caused by cerebellar lesions, but the precise etiology is not known. A disorder of the smooth-pursuit system or of central vestibular pathways has been proposed. However, both hypotheses fail to explain why DN is usually accompanied by gaze-holding nystagmus, which implies a leaky neural velocity-to...

Monocular organization of the goldfish horizontal neural integrator was studied during spontaneous scanning saccadic and fixation behaviors. Analysis of neuronal firing rates revealed a population of ipsilateral (37%), conjugate (59%), and contralateral (4%) eye position neurons. When monocular optokinetic stimuli were employed to maximize disjunctive horizontal eye movements, the sampled popul...

We present an N-body code called Taichi for galactic dynamics and controlled numerical experiments. The includes two high-order hierarchical multipole expansion methods: the Barnes-Hut (BH) tree fast method (FMM). For time integration, can use either a conventional adaptive KDK or Hamiltonian splitting integrator. combination of FMM integrator leads to momentum-conserving scheme with individual...

In this paper, we develop a new kind of multisymplectic integrator for the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations. The CNLS equations are cast into multisymplectic formulation. Then it is split into a linear multisymplectic formulation and a nonlinear Hamiltonian system. The space of the linear subproblem is approximated by a highorder compact (HOC) method which is new in multisymplecti...

Several integration schemes exits to solve the equations of motion of the N -body problem. The Lie-integration method is based on the idea to solve ordinary differential equations with Lie-series. In the 1980s this method was applied for the N -body problem by giving the recurrence formula for the calculation of the Lie-terms. The aim of this works is to present the recurrence formulae for the ...

Many real-world systems are governed by the timedependent, nonlinear differential equations. Dynamics of an electrical system are also best described using the very equations. Being one of the preferred machines when using advanced control algorithms for electric drives, DC motor has been selected for position tracking. Defining dynamic equations of the motor derived from the theory of nonlinea...

Massively parallel biophysical molecular dynamics simulations, coupled with efficient methods, promise to open biologically significant time scales for study. In order to promote efficient fine-grained parallel algorithms with low communication overhead, the fast degrees of freedom in these complex systems can be divided into sets of rigid bodies. Here, a novel Hamiltonian form of a minimal, no...

The ability to switch between tasks is critical for animals to behave according to context. Although the association between the prefrontal cortex and task switching has been well documented, the ultimate modulation of sensory-motor associations has yet to be determined. Here, we modeled the results of a previous study showing that task switching can be accomplished by communication from distin...