Symmetry is one of the most important aesthetic criteria in graph drawing because it reveals structure in the graph. To draw graphs symmetrically, we employ two steps. The first step is to find appropriate automorphisms. The second step is to draw the graph to display the automorphisms. Our aim in this paper is to construct maximally symmetric straight line drawings of triconnected planar graph...

The adoption of the stress-majorization method frommulti-dimensional scaling into graph layout has provided an improved mathematical basis and better convergence properties for so-called “force-directed placement” techniques. In this paper we give an algorithm for augmenting such stress-majorization techniques with orthogonal ordering constraints and we demonstrate several graphdrawing applicat...

A k-track drawing is a crossing-free 3D straight-line drawing of a graph G on a set of k parallel lines called tracks. The minimum value of k for which G admits a k-track drawing is called the track number of G. In [18] it is proved that every graph from a proper minor closed family has constant track number if and only if it has constant queue number. In this paper we study the track number of...

Clustered graph is a very useful model for drawing large and complex networks. This paper presents a new method for drawing clustered graphs in three dimensions. The method uses a divide and conquer approach. More specifically, it draws each cluster in a 2D plane to minimise occlusion and ease navigation. Then a 3D drawing of the whole graph is constructed by combining these 2D drawings. Our ma...

Artistic drawing is one of the disciplines fine arts; it art embellishing our spaces; a means for artist to express his thoughts and medium he uses provide viewer with reading society. The finds in an indispensable mode expression. Let us specify that “thought”, concept we refer this dissertation, concerns only artist’s intentions, vision world, interpretation social realities. Knowing expressi...

Based on the mechanical model of point absorption Wave Energy Converter (WEC), a real-time complex conjugate (CC) maximum power tracking (MPPT) control strategy consider peak-to-average ratio (PAR) limiting under irregular waves is proposed. In proposed MPPT strategy, system can not only track power, but also limit PAR output to improve controlled generator’s utilization rate. Two parameters, <...

We address the problem of drawing hypergraphs. We propose and evaluate a family of algorithms that transform a hypergraph drawing problem into a graph drawing problem. Each algorithm in the family relies on a different encoding of a hyperedge into a set of edges. The algorithms can then use any graph drawing algorithms. However, we here focus on the force-directed algorithms. We propose and dis...

We consider the recently introduced model of low ply graph drawing, a straight-line drawing in which the ply-disks of the vertices do not have many common overlaps, which results in a good distribution of the vertices in the plane. The ply-disk of a vertex is the disk centered at it whose radius is half the length of its longest incident edge. We focus our attention on low-ply drawings of trees...