To the Editor:—Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) causes a reduction in arterial oxygen content because of reduced hemoglobin concentration. The primary compensatory mechanism during ANH is an increase in cardiac output to maintain systemic oxygen delivery. Therefore, the lower limit of an acceptable hemoglobin concentration is related to how low hemoglobin can be reduced without jeopardizin...

Naomi P. O’Grady, Philip S. Barie, John G. Bartlett, From the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and the Johns Hopkins Hospital and St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; the New Thomas Bleck, Glenda Garvey, Judith Jacobi, York Hospital, and the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New Peter Linden, Dennis G. Maki, Myung Nam, York, New York; the University of Virginia, Charlottesville,...

Justin D. Brookes,*,† Cayelan C. Carey,‡ David P. Hamilton, Lionel Ho,†,∥ Leon van der Linden,†,∥ Robert Renner, and Anna Rigosi† †Water Research Centre, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, 5005 South Australia, Australia ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1405 Perry Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States Environme...

Manuel Decker,1,2 Nils Feth,1,2 Costas M. Soukoulis,3,4 Stefan Linden,1,2,5 and Martin Wegener1,2 1Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 2Institut für Angewandte Physik and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede Strasse 1, D-7...

G.A. Gómez-Vargas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid & Instituto de Fı́sica Teórica UAM/CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy A. Cuoco The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden T. Linden Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA M.A. Sánchez...

Perturbations of sensory experience in young animals are known to cause lasting changes in adult brain function. For example, monocular visual deprivation by lid closure (MC) leads to a loss of cortical responsiveness of the deprived eye and a concomitant visual impairment. This ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is a well-studied model of experience-dependent cortical plasticity. While much is k...

The Kerr effect on vesicle-like droplets is described. We give a simple derivation of the Kerr constant for a dielectric fluid droplet immersed in another fluid, assuming that the droplet in an electric field becomes a prolate ellipsoid. The Kerr constant is evaluated also for a droplet covered by a membrane of finite thickness. The latter result differs significantly from the result by E. van ...

1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; 2 Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Marion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19101, USA; 3 Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New Y...