One of the simplest and most useful notions in mathematics is that of a group action: if G is a group and X is a nonempty set, then an action of G o n X or a G-set structure on X consists of a multiplication operation G X ! X, with the image of a pair g;x written as, say, gx, with the following axioms satissed: 1 1x = x for all x 2 X here 1 2 G is the identity element o f G; 2 ghx = ghx for all...