on account of the existence of uncertainty, dea occasionally faces the situation of imprecise data, especially when a set of dmus include missing data, ordinal data, interval data, stochastic data, or fuzzy data. therefore, how to evaluate the efficiency of a set of dmus in interval environments is a problem worth studying. in this paper, we discussed the new method for evaluation and ranking i...

The stochastic system approach to causality is applied to situations where the risk of death is not negligible. This approach grounds causality on physical laws, distinguishes system and observation and represents the system by multivariate stochastic processes. The particular role of death is highlighted, and it is shown that local influences must be defined on the random horizon of time of de...

People are often exposed to more information than they can actually remember. Despite this frequent form of information overload, little is known about how much information people choose to remember. Using a novel "stop" paradigm, the current research examined whether and how people choose to stop receiving new-possibly overwhelming-information with the intent to maximize memory performance. Pa...

The change in absorptivity during the degradation process of materials is discussed, and its influence as one of the involved parameters in the degradation models is studied. Three materials with very different behaviors are used for the demonstration of its role: a carbon composite material, which is opaque, almost grey, a plywood slab, which is opaque and spectral-dependent and a clear PMMA s...

The validity of biological explanations of patterns of palaeodiversity has been called into question owing to an apparent correlation of diversity with the amount of sedimentary rock preserved. However, this claim has largely been based on comprehensive estimates of global marine Phanerozoic diversity, thus raising the question of whether a similar bias applies to the records of smaller, well-d...

Recently, we have used the local correlation tracking (LCT) method for mapping horizontal velocity fields in the solar photosphere [Švanda et al, 2005]. The method was applied to processed full-disc dopplergrams acquired by the MDI instrument on board the SoHO observatory. Now, the reliability of this method is verified on synthetic dopplergrams obtained by a very simple numerical simulation of...

Russian language acquisition requires deep and intensive studying of the concept of verbs of motion. There is a strong opinion that verbs of motion are one of the hardest concepts in the Russian language. However, it is an important issue, as motion verbs are among the most used in any language and nowadays there are hundreds of expressions with these verbs which can be heard quite frequently i...

The current study employs a qualitative research perspective which is quite rare, if not missing, in most of the motivational research literature in second language learning. It utilizes observation and semi-structured interview techniques and attempts to examine three Chinese students’ motivational and attitudinal thinking of their English learning when they are studying in an American univers...