We deal with extensions of the Standard Model by adding horizontal interactions between particle generations. We calculate two loop corrections caused by the presence of coupling between hypothetical horizontal gauge bosons and matter field, both at low and high energy. It is proved numerically that the coupling of such extra bosons does not affect the positive features of unified and extended ...

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INTRINSIC ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (ARF) THAT DOES NOT result from primary vascular, glomerular, or interstitial disorders has been ascribed to acute tubular necrosis and accounts for approximately 45% of cases of hospital-acquired ARF. While acute tubular necrosis usually is caused by ischemic (50%) or nephrotoxic (35%) injury to the kidney, the cause is often multifactorial. Unfortunately, neither...

THE KIDNEY PLAYS a central role in regulating blood pressure, body fluid volume, body fluid composition, and electrolyte and water balance. Generations of effort have gone into understanding the tubular and vascular interactions that confer incredible fidelity in accomplishing these essential functions. While P2 purinergic signaling systems were investigated in other organ systems for some time...

Treatment with bioartificial kidneys had beneficial effects in animal experiments and improved survival of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury in a Phase II clinical trial. However, a Phase II b clinical trial failed. This and other results suggested various problems with the current design of bioartificial kidneys. We propose a novel design to improve various properties of device,...

Proximal tubular reabsorption was examined in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites by a variety of indirect methods. Maximal diluting ability, urine flow rate, and free water clearance were reduced. During frusemide administration V/GFR was lower than in normal control subjects, indicating that proximal fractional reabsorption is enhanced in liver cirrhosis. This, by reducing Na delivery t...