The report deals with liquid-liquid distribution systems, in which one phase is aqueous, and the distribution of the component can be influenced in many cases with chemical reactions. The formulas and equations are given, by which the actual distribution ratio of the analyte at given conditions and concentrations can be predicted. The conditional extraction constants, which are essential for th...

While the stability of liquid films on substrates is a classical topic of colloidal science, the availability of nanostructured materials, such as nanotubes, nanofibres and nanochannels, has raised the question of how the stability of liquid films and their wetting behaviour is affected by nanoscale confinement. This paper will present the conditions for the stability of liquid films on and ins...

The liquid thermal history effect on liquid supercooling behavior has been found in various metals and alloys; typically the degree of liquid supercooling (ΔT-) increases with the increase of liquid overheating (ΔT⁺) up to several to tens of degrees above the equilibrium melting point (T₀). Here we report quantitative experimental measurements on the ΔT--ΔT⁺ relationship of Al small particles e...

The liquid-gas phase transition in finite nuclei is studied in a heated liquid-drop model where the drop is assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with the vapour emanated from it. Changing pressure along the liquid-gas coexistence line of the systems, symmetric or asymmetric, suggests that the phase transition is a continuous one. This is further corroborated from the study of the thermal ...

Ultrasound in a liquid phase cause mass and heat transfer across the liquid through cavitational processes which act as nanoreactors to generate unstable mechanical equilibrium. The effect of 1 MHz ultrasound on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum was investigated. Continuous irradiation of ultrasound (20 min) increased temperature due to cavitational phenomena. Ultrasound irradiation of...

Liquid water can be brought beyond the liquid–vapor equilibrium line into a metastable state, before nucleation of bubbles (cavitation) occurs. We review the experimental work on cavitation in water, focusing on the determination of the ultimate degree of metastability at which liquid water can exist. We also present practical applications of metastability and cavitation. To cite this article: ...

A stationary equilibrium of a liquid metal flowing past a cylindrical magnetic cavity is presented. The cavity has an azimuthal magnetic field and can also have an axial field. The liquid metal flow can be maintained by a sufficiently high pressure head. The scheme could be used to support a flowing liquid wall for systems producing high heat fluxes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. @S1070...

Three-phase equilibrium in argon was obtained based on the thermodynamics of a perfect solid and a perfect liquid (v2). The equation of state (EOS) for a perfect solid was obtained from our previous study of a pure substance using spherical molecules. The EOS for a perfect liquid is a van der Waals EOS with the Carnahan-Starling repulsion term to explain 3-phase equilibrium. The Lennard-Jones p...

studying the interaction of pharmaceutical ionic liquids with human serum albumin (hsa) can help investigating whether or not ionic liquid formation can enhance pharmacological profile of the discrete ingredients. in this respect, in the present work, the interactions of benzalkonium ibuprofenate, as a well-known active pharmaceutical ionic liquid, benzalkonium chloride, and also sodium ibuprof...