IMF loans react to economic conditions but are also sensitive to political-economy variables. Loans tend to be larger and more frequent when a country has a bigger quota and more professional staff at the IMF and when a country is more connected politically and economically to the United States and other major shareholding countries of the IMF. These results are of considerable interest for the...

E-books are full-text electronic versions of published books that can be read on special hand-held devices or computers. This paper discusses what e-books are, their advantages and disadvantages, e-book technologies and market players and the role of e-books in libraries. It concludes that the loan of e-books has the potential to reduce inter-library loan (ILL) traffic.

I examine whether easily observable variables such as beauty, race, and the way a loan applicant presents himself affect lenders’ decisions, once hard financial information about credit scores, employment history, homeownership, and other financial information are taken into account. I use data from Prosper.com, a 150 million dollars online lending market in which borrowers post loan requests t...

Bank plays the central role for the economic development world-wide. The failure and success of the banking sector depends upon the ability to proper evaluation of credit risk. Credit risk evaluation of any potential credit application has remained a challenge for banks all over the world till today. Artificial neural network plays a tremendous role in the field of finance for making critical, ...

This paper analyzes the joint influence of the quality of a bank’s loan portfolio, the bank’s maturity gap and its deposit rate policy on the value of deposit insurance in an arbitrage-free Basel II consistent framework. We develop and apply a two-stage structural model of a bank where deposit insurance is a European put option on the loan portfolio, the default of each loan is driven by the bo...

This paper examines the impact of business cycles and monetary policy on bank loan supply. To this end, we use a unique firm-bank match-level dataset covering listed firms in Japan that allows us to control for firms’ time-varying unobservable loan demand and endogenous bank-firm matching, so that we can identify the effects of business cycles and monetary policy on loan supply through the bank...

In recent history, it looked to many as if rural financial markets would become dominated by large banks that offered relatively expensive credit to agricultural firms. However, the 1990's have seen a resurgence in smaller banks with a focus on smaller, agricultural producer loans. Moreover, small banks may be more competitive than ever with respect to interest rates. This report outlines some ...

Bank loan syndications have become an increasingly popular and important way for commercial borrowers to satisfy their financing needs. The ability to overcome problems of adverse selection and moral hazard are critical to the development of this market. Using a panel data set constructed from the Shared National Credit Program over the period 1995 to 1999, this paper extends the work of Simons...

One of the goals of the International Carbon Sequestration Project in South Khorasan Province is to study the sustainability of natural resources, especially in the rehabilitated areas, by reducing the reliance of villagers to the natural resources of the region, creating alternative livelihoods with job empowerment and solving the problems of villagers in the region, especially rural women. Th...