INTRODUCTION There is an ongoing shortage of rural healthcare providers relative to urban healthcare providers worldwide. Many strategies have been implemented to increase the distribution of rural healthcare providers, and financial incentives such as loan repayment programs have become popular means to both recruit and retain healthcare providers in rural communities. Studies detailing the ef...

This paper presents a framework for estimating losses for residential mortgage loans. At the core is a transitions-based probability of default model which yields directly observable cash-flows at the loan level. The estimated model includes coefficients on unemployment, Loan to Value ratio and interest rates, all of which allow a macroeconomic scenario to be fed through the model and impact lo...

investing in stock markets usually is involved in more risks than the bounds and bank deposits. it is expected that resulting returns (capital gain plus yields) from trading in a stock market to be more than those of in a risk free investment. therefore, developing accurate techniques of estimation and forecasting in volatility analysis of financial markets is inevitable. sum squares of weekly ...

Various volatility estimators and models have been proposed in the literature to measure volatility of asset returns. In this paper, we compare empirical performance of various unconditional volatility estimators and conditional volatility models (GARCH and EGARCH) using time-series data of S&PCNX Nifty, a value-weighted index of 50 stocks traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Mumbai. Th...

Francesco Viti ∗ , Delft University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Section Transport and Planning, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Civil Engineering, Section Traffic and Infrastructure, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Henk J. Van Zuylen, Delft University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering,...

Given the price of a call or put option, the Black-Scholes implied volatility is the unique volatility parameter for which the Bulack-Scholes formula recovers the option price. This article surveys research activity relating to three theoretical questions: First, does implied volatility admit a probabilistic interpretation? Second, how does implied volatility behave as a function of strike and ...