The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is obtained by repeatedly measuring each syndrome qubit after appropriate interaction with its four nearest neighbor data qubits. Changes in the measurement value...

This paper uses a laboratory experiment to examine the effect of DSS use on the decision maker‘s error patterns and decision quality. The DSS used in our experiments is the widely used Expert Choice (EC) implementation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Perhaps surprisingly, our experiments do not provide general support for the often tacit assumption that the use of a DSS such as EC improves...

The discovery of quantum error correction has greatly improved the long-term prospects for quantum computing technology. Encoded quantum information can be protected from errors that arise due to uncontrolled interactions with the environment, or due to imperfect implementations of quantum logical operations. Recovery from errors can work effectively even if occasional mistakes occur during the...

When a printed document is to be input to a computer system, the document must be converted to a computer-readable format, e.g., ASCII, PDF, RTF, CSV, or SGML/XML/HTML-tagged data. In order to obtain these data formats from a printed document, it is necessary to extract from the printed document as much information as possible, i.e., layout structure (layout objects and their hierarchical relat...

– We analyze the effect of a quantum error correcting code on the entanglement of encoded logical qubits in the presence of a dephasing interaction with a correlated environment. Such correlated reservoir introduces entanglement between physical qubits. We show that for short times the quantum error correction interprets such entanglement as errors and suppresses it. However for longer time, al...

Automated writing evaluation (AWE) software is an increasingly popular tool for English second language learners. However, research on the accuracy of such has been both scarce and largely limited in its scope. As such, this article broadens field AWE by using a mixed design to holistically evaluate corrective feedback leading program Grammarly. 1136 Grammarly-identified errors related style, l...

There appear to be some logical errors in recent attempts to test the hypotheses. (I) that the process of dark adaptation is controlled by the concentration of a substance in the receptors (the photochemical hypothesis) and (2) that the state of the visual system during dark adaptation is equivalent to that produced by some stabilized steady background (the equivalent-background hypothesis). Th...

A cluster state cannot be a unique ground state of a two-body interacting Hamiltonian. Here, we propose the creation of a cluster state of logical qubits encoded in spin-1/2 particles by adiabatically weakening two-body interactions. The proposal is valid for any spatial dimensional cluster states. Errors induced by thermal fluctuations and adiabatic evolution within finite time can be eliminat...

The article studies knowledge in multiagent systems where data available to the agents may have small errors. To reason about such uncertain knowledge, a formal semantics is introduced in which indistinguishability relations, commonly used in the semantics for epistemic logic S5, are replaced with metrics to capture how much two epistemic worlds are different from an agent’s point of view. The ...