Introduction The 2006 definition of cerebral palsy (CP) has been widely accepted and is recommended as the most useful operational definition of CP (Rosenbaum et al. 2007). This definition includes the term ‘secondary musculoskeletal problems’ as part of the spectrum of features seen in CP. This recognizes the impact of musculoskeletal pathologies on functioning for persons with CP. The focus o...

There are numerous causes that can affect the functioning of the human locomotor system, leading to the appearance of joint disorders in the lower limb and generating atypical gait patterns. The importance of research and development in assistance technologies to compensate pathological gait have been recognised since the beginning of the twentieth century and numerous challenges still lie ahea...

The advances in regional techniques for blocks of the lower limb have been driven primarily by the need to produce effective analgesia in the postoperative period and beyond. These techniques are commonly performed before or after central neuraxial blockade when this technique is used to provide anaesthesia and analgesia for the surgical procedure. Increasingly, modern practice demands a shorte...

Contrary to popular belief, little fluid is reabsorbed by the capillary and most of it is returned to the circulation via the lymphatic. Lymph drainage begins in thin-walled, superficial initial lymphatics with wide (14 nm) oblique intercellular junctions that function as flap valves. They freely allow passage of fluid and protein into the lymphatic but prevent back flow. The initial lymphatics...

Patients with lower-limb amputations can have various musculoskeletal problems, such as osteoporosis in the amputated limb, and osteoarthritis in either ipsilateral or contralateral limb. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in below-knee amputees (BKA) have been described previously. In lower limb amputee patients undergoing THA, there may be important preand intraoperative considerations and patients...

BACKGROUND Injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide and are estimated to become the third leading cause of death by 2020. Most traffic deaths occur during the prehospital phase; consequently, prehospital trauma care has received considerable attention during the past decade. However, there is no study on the prehospital immobilization of spine and limbs in patients with ...

INTRODUCTION Mangled upper limb injuries are at surge because of industrialization, modernization, and severe motor vehicle accidents. The utility of various scoring systems are meant for decision making in mangled lower limb injuries, and the same have been extrapolated for mangled upper limb injuries to make a decision of salvage or amputation for the lack of separate scoring system. MATERI...

BACKGROUND Urban traffic accidents are an extensively significant problem in small and busy towns in Iran. This study tried to explore the epidemiological pattern of urban traffic accidents in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol cities, Iran. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess various epidemiological factors affecting victims of trauma admitted to a main trauma center in Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS Du...

DeBakey and Simeone (1946) found that 686 per cent of amputations among United States troops in the second world war were done as the result of arterial trauma. Amputation was required in 4O 3 per cent of cases of arterial trauma. Arterial injuries associated with fractures showed a 50 per cent loss of limb with reparative measures, whereas there was a 70 per cent loss of limb when the vessel w...