The separation of sexes in plants (dioecy) implies differences in reproductive biology that in many cases favour sexual dimorphism and spatial segregation. Females of the dioecious conifer Austrocedrus chilensis have higher reproductive effort than males. We examined the spatial distribution of male and female Austrocedrus trees along a range of environmental conditions and sex-related growth p...

Metacercariae of the micropha\lid trematode Microphallus paragrapsi Smith 1983 were found in r.he nervous system of the smooth pebble crab Philyra laevis (Bell 1855). Sporocysts of M. paragrapsi were found in the hepatopancreas of the intertidal gastropod Assiminea brazieri (Tenison Woods 1876). Under laboratory conditions, cercariae were found to emerge from the snail host and invade the inter...

Background: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the gold standard for neurological assessment in traumatic head injury. Limitations to GCS include variations rater reliability, test setting and sedation/intubation. Serial Neurological Assessments Pediatrics (SNAP) was designed standardize assessment. We examined efficacy of SNAP earlier detection acute decompensation. Methods: Retrospective analysis id...

Abstract Site occupancy models, accounting for imperfect detection and the influence of anthropogenic ecological covariates, can indicate status species populations. They may thus be useful exploring suitability landscapes such as biological corridors, to ensure population dispersal connectivity. Using probability models its principal prey species, we make inferences on landscape connectivity m...

—The eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) is considered one of the most common and widely distributed species of bats in eastern North America, but little published information exists on its natural history. During surveys of numerous small caves in northwest Arkansas, we documented use by eastern pipistrelles and recorded ambient temperature readings in all caves and at roost and hiber...

the upper cretaceous thick bedded succession in badamouyeh mountain in honooj area shows the late cenomanian-santonian stages. also, these deposits are well exposed in the south-west of bibihayat and south of cheshmah gaz village. in the studied section, lower and upper honooj green marls (informal) with intercalation of exogyroferous shaly limestone are overlain by thick bedded limestones and ...

BACKGROUND Fluctuating asymmetry is a contentious indicator of stress in populations of animals and plants. Nevertheless, it is a measure of developmental noise, typically obtained by measuring asymmetry across an individual organism's left-right axis of symmetry. These individual, signed asymmetries are symmetrically distributed around a mean of zero. Fluctuating asymmetry, however, has rarely...

The ability of an implanted ear to integrate multiple pulses, as measured by the slopes of detection threshold level (T level) versus pulse rate functions, may reflect cochlear health in the cochlea, as suggested by previous animal studies (Kang et al., 2010; Pfingst et al., 2011). In the current study, we examined the slopes of T level versus pulse rate functions in human subjects with cochlea...

Here we provide information on ice columns and frozen rills found in late-season snowpacks in and near the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. The presence of ice columns and frozen rills in late season snowpacks may provide insights with which to understand the spatial distribution of preferential flowpaths in melting snowpacks. In July and August of 1996 and 1997 we found ice...