The role of hydrophobic force in biological function through the formation of several local macro-molecular structures is evident. Carbon is the element that contributes to biological function in living systems. We show that carbon distribution is related to protein activity using an example. The carbon distribution profile is foreseen to help undestand unfolded and misfolded regions of protein...

Spaces of polynomial splines deened on planar triangulations are very useful tools for tting scattered data in the plane. Recently, 4, 5], using homogeneous polynomials, we have developed analogous spline spaces deened on triangulations on the sphere and on sphere-like surfaces. Using these spaces, it is possible to construct analogs of many of the classical interpolation and tting methods. Her...

Abst rac t -The continuum constitutive modeling for rate-dependent fracture of brittle microcracking solids, which was described in Part 1 of this paper, is applied to the finite element analysis of stationary and nonstationary macrocracks in a single-edge-notched three-point bend specimen under a static loading. The microcrack damage zones near the macro-crack-tip can be classified as being "l...

Conventional methodologies towards polycrystal plasticity use an aggregate of single crystals and this choice of the aggregate affects the response of the polycrystal. In order to address this issue, a continuum approach is presented for the representation of polycrystals through an orientation distribution function over the orientation space. Additionally, a constitutive framework for thermoel...

A comparison is presented between conventional tensile stress-strain curves and those obtained via two methodologies based on (spherical) indentation. The first, termed Instrumented Indentation Technique (IIT), involves conversion of load-displacement data to analytical expressions. This has been done using loads below 1 N (“nano”) in the kN range (“macro”). other procedure, profilometry-based ...

This work investigates plastic deformation around non-metallic inclusions in rolling contact fatigue applications. Subsurface stresses from Hertzian theory are applied form of far-field loading on an elasto-plastic micro-mechanical model isolated inclusion. Initial and cyclic micro-scale plasticity quantified, assuming linear kinematic hardening for the steel matrix elastic or perfectly behavio...

A macro-element model for predicting the load–displacement behaviour of a spudcan foundation in clay overlying sand when subjected to combined vertical, horizontal and moment loading is introduced. Observations from detailed drum centrifuge tests that measured effect underlying layer on are with finite-element results theoretical developments derive components model. The yield surface defined b...