We investigate the use of temporally abstract actions, or macro-actions, in the solution of Markov decision processes. Unlike current models that combine both primitive actions and macro-actions and leave the state space unchanged, we propose a hierarchical model (using an abstract MDP) that works with macro-actions only, and that significantly reduces the size of the state space. This is achie...

In the FP7 project METIS we investigate suitable combinations of massive MIMO, joint transmission coordinated multipoint and small cells for future 5G systems. Challenging is a tight integration over small and macro layers. Straight forward is to ensure orthogonality between small and macro cell layers by allocation to different RF frequency bands like e.g. 2.6 and 3.5GHz respectively. Here wit...

The ability to extend a language with new syntactic forms is a powerful tool. A sufficiently flexible macro system allows programmers to build from a common base towards a language designed specifically for their problem domain. However, macro facilities that are integrated, capable, and at the same time simple enough to be widely used have been limited to the Lisp family of languages to date. ...

Numerous researchers have described the importance of self-tracking one’s daily life in the pursuit of a goal. However, many people are unable to maintain such a regimen. In this study, we sought to resolve this problem by making the process of self-tracking more fun and attractive. We investigate the effectiveness of three encouragement systems on influencing individuals to participate in an e...

Geschäftsprozessmanagement wird seit mehreren Jahrzehnten in vielen Unternehmen und Organisationen für unterschiedliche Aufgaben von der Prozessmodellierung über die Prozessanalyse bis hin zur Prozessausführung mittels IT-Systemen eingesetzt. Parallel dazu sind in den letzten Jahren Werkzeuge zur Unterstützung des Personal Networking, des Informationsaustauschs und der Zusammenarbeit entstanden...

CPS macros written using Scheme’s syntax-rules macro system allow for guaranteed composition of macros and control over the order of macro expansion. We identify a limitation of CPS macros when used to generate bindings from a non-unique list of user-specified identifiers. Implementing a pattern matcher for the miniKanren relational programming language revealed this limitation. Identifiers com...

This paper outlines the synthesis of macro-instructions for dynamically reprogrammable FPGAs so that they may be easily generated, placed, and garbage collected at run-time. An overview of a dynamic logic caching computer that uses these macro-instructions is given and their use within this environment discussed. The synthesis of macro-instructions is illustrated with a basic example. Finally, ...

Recently, increasing incidences of AFB and problems controlling the disease – based on resistance build-up in the bacteria, increased residue problems, and loss of natural resistance in bees have renewed the interest for AFB tolerant honey bee strains world-wide. The honey bee possesses different tolerance mechanisms against AFB – e.g. larval resistance, hygienic behaviour and food inhibition o...