As an important precursor of hydroxyl radical, nitrous acid (HONO) plays a key role in the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Recent atmospheric measurements and model calculations show strong enhancement for HONO formation during daytime, while they are inconsistent with the known sources in the atmosphere, suggesting that current models are lacking important sources for HONO. In this article,...

The principal objective of this work has been to assess the quantitative importance of homogenous and heterogeneous photochemistry as a sink of pollutants in the aquatic environment. Using a combination of chemical trapping techniques, steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods and product analysis, we have examined the mechanisms and magnitude of the photochemical production of stron...

that the longer the wave-length (the lower the frequency) of the exciting radiation, the greater the amount of energy associated with the same photochemical change in the glass. The straight line relation of the data, indicated in figure 2, is suggestive and requires further investigation. This method of portraying the observations is not entirely free from shortcomings. However, if further res...

Halogens produced by ocean biological and photochemical processes reach the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), where cold temperatures and the prevailing low ozone abundances favor the diurnal photochemical enhancement of halogen atoms. Under these conditions atomic bromine and iodine are modeled to be the dominant inorganic halogen species in the sunlit TTL, surpassing the abundance of the commo...

CDOM is the most important sunlight-absorbing dissolved substance in the sea and a critical component of the global carbon cycle. Irradiated CDOM produces reactive species that interact in the ocean in a complex series of photochemical and electron transfer reactions that impact the color and oxidative capacity of surface waters, the growth of marine biota, and the production of volatile gases ...

The chemical constituent of seawater that absorbs most of the incident solar radiation is collectively referred to as CDOM. CDOM is a complex aggregate of organic compounds derived from marine biota and terrestrial humic material introduced to the oceans by rivers. The photochemically active fraction initiates most of the photochemical reactions in seawater, altering CDOM itself and affecting t...

Numerous challenging transformations take place in nature with high efficiency within confined and compartmented environments. This has inspired scientists to develop spatially micro- and nanoreactors by 'bottom-up' approaches in order to improve different processes in comparison to solution, in terms of kinetics, selectivity or processability. In this respect, investigation of photophysical an...

The unimolecular photochemistry of aldehydes has been extensively studied, both experimentally and computationally. However, less is known about the role of cross-molecular photochemical processes in the condensed-phase photolysis of aldehydes. The triplet-state photochemistry of pentanal in its pentameric (n = 5) cluster was investigated as a model for photochemical reactions of aliphatic alde...

VOCs comprise both methane (CH 4) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). NMVOCs are defined as " all those artificial organic compounds different from methane which can produce photochemical oxidants by reaction with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight " .

Iron(III) cross-linked alginate hydrogel incorporating sodium lactate undergoes photoinduced degradation, thus serving as a biocompatible positive photoresist suitable for photochemical patterning. Alternatively, surface etching of iron(III) cross-linked hydrogel contacting lactic acid solution can be used for controlling the thickness of the photochemical pattering. Due to biocompatibility, bo...