in this research the effective cultural elements on sustainable development in city of tehran has been studied. so, at first, the key issues of research has been defined and studied from different dimensions. in the next step for studying cultural development in countries and the available models of sustainable development including culture, benchmarking has been done. roles and goals of urban ...

How to design a city more legible is one of the main problems in urban design. To define the parameters that are crucial in designing legible cities is the main debate of this article. The research methodology was studying mental maps of the city dwellers and comparing the group image of the city with the pattern of continuity of salient elements and integration of the urban axes using Space Sy...

Even though the positive influences of nature on human health have been known for many decades, few studies have been carried out exclusively about the psychological benefits of exposure to water and sky as natural blue elements in built environments. Hence, close-ended questionnaire along with structured interviews (with open-ended questions) are applied to investigate the main question of thi...

This study was performed to radiographically examine the prevalence of aspiration sites and to evaluate their anatomical correlation with the bronchial patterns. Ten healthy beagle dogs were repeatedly radiographed, at weekly intervals, in the left and right lateral, ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) positions. Three milliliters of iohexol distilled with same volume of saline was infused ...

Each main group element in main group compounds usually takes its own specific coordination number, oxidation number and bonding state. An unusual valence can be achieved by appropriate molecular design and synthetic methods, and such an unusual valence results in characteristic, unique structures and properties. The reactivity of the main group compounds markedly depends on the coordination nu...

An 88-year-old woman with advanced Parkinson's disease (stage V on the Yahr scale) had difficulty in expectoration and underwent tracheostomy in 1999. In July 2004, granulation tissue was formed in the tracheal lumen at the tip of the tracheostomy tube, and a standard type silicone T-tube was inserted. Thereafter, she was cared for at home, where she was doing well until early March 2009, when ...

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to...

Endobronchial metastasis secondary to osteosarcoma is distinctly rare. 2 We report a young man with metastatic osteosarcoma who presented with position-dependent dyspnoea. A CT scan of the chest showed a soft tissue mass that originated from the left lung, causing significant volume loss of the left lung, extended through the left main bronchus and projected to the trachea (fig 1A,B). Bronchosc...