The purpose of this article is to empirically analyze how different forms of proximity influence interactive learning and ease of knowledge transfer among entrepreneurs, in order to advance the knowledge-based theory of clusters. Making use of ego-network data, gathered among entrepreneurs from the Amsterdam IT and new media-cluster and analyzed using structural equation modeling, the data lead...

In a large sample of entrepreneurs, 2D:4D (second-to-fourth digit) ratio and managerial performance are studied. Entrepreneurs with lower ratio manage larger firms, manage larger firms when acquire control and experience faster average growth. Firms run by high prenatal testosterone entrepreneurs have lower profitability as measured by return on assets and return on sales. Prenatal testosterone...

Aggregate productivity falls in recessions and rises in expansions. Several empirical studies suggest that the systematic behavior of lending standards, with laxer (tighter) standards applied during expansions (recessions), is responsible for reverting trends in aggregate productivity. We build a dynamic model that rationalizes these findings. Higher liquidity brought about by high levels of ca...

The most efficient labor market mechanism depends on the advantages of specialization, workers’ costs of switching between entrepreneurs, and the frequency with which needs change. Multilateral mechanisms are more efficient when specialization is more advantageous, when it is cheap for workers to switch between entrepreneurs, and when individual entrepreneurs cannot occupy a worker on a full-ti...

The paper investigates the relationship between bank interest rate margins and collateral for loans issued to new ventures. The analysis finds a convex U-shaped relationship. The results indicate that while provision of collateral initially reduces bank exposure to risk (through security, more optimal levels of capital and lower moral hazard among entrepreneurs) that beyond a point the positive...

The most efficient labor market mechanism depends on the advantages of specialization, workers’ costs of switching between entrepreneurs, and the frequency with which needs change. Multilateral mechanisms are more efficient when specialization is more advantageous, when it is cheap for workers to switch between entrepreneurs, and when individual entrepreneurs cannot occupy a worker on a full-ti...

In many industries, entrepreneurs are asked to undergo a process called “frugal innovation.” This process supports advances in technology that drive own spending and improve results or leave them static. ikewise, in the healthcare system, there is a shift occuring calling for a reduction in spending. Key to this shift ill be implementation of innovative devices brought orward by entrepreneurs. ...

What determines the quality of entrepreneurs? The article proposes a model of the interaction between individual workers decision to become entrepreneurs and employers efforts to keep their best workers and ideas. The main prediction from the model is that larger firms produce entrepreneurs of higher quality than smaller firms. Using novel and unique Norwegian data, I find that previous employe...

Empirical studies have shown that entrepreneurs earn, on average, less than the market wage for employees with otherwise similar characteristics. We examine whether having previously been self-employed is in itself a negative signal on the job market. In a field experiment where two applications of otherwise equally qualified individuals were sent for the same vacancies, we find that entreprene...

This study describes and examines the acoustic properties of the central vowels [ɨ] and [ ] in Malaysian Hokkien (MH). The two central vowels are typologically special in that both of them are “full-fledged”, phonemic vowels in an inventory. Therefore our main research question is to see if the two central vowels are subject to contextual influences, just like their counterparts in other langua...