Evidence suggests that human semen quality may have been deteriorating in recent years. Most of the evidence is retrospective, based on analysis of data sets collected for other purposes. Measures of male infertility are needed if we want to monitor the biological capacity for males to reproduce over time or between different populations. We also need these measures in analytical epidemiology i...

INTRODUCTION Infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples, and male factor contribute to up to 50% of cases. Unfortunately, the cause of male infertility is unknown in about 30% of these cases. Infertility of unknown origin is classified as idiopathic male infertility when abnormal semen parameters are present. Despite not having a definable cause, these men may respond to treatment. Th...

guidelines are not ‘upgraded’ following panel consensus. This statement further confused me. After discussing and analyzing this information with some andrological experts in China and abroad, I decided to express my perspectives on this problem. The estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen, when combined with testosterone undecanoate (TU), was shown to be an effective treatment choice for male i...

Male infertility has been found to be a major factor in a couple’s inability to conceive in 50% of childless marriages. There are many causes of male infertility including: deficient sperm production, blockage of ducts through which sperm are transported from the testicles, hormonal abnormalities, failure of sperm to mature properly and antisperm antibodies. Varicocele is felt to play a major r...

Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome syna...

Infertility in humans is surprisingly common occurring in approximately 15% of the population wishing to start a family. Despite this, the molecular and genetic factors underlying the cause of infertility remain largely undiscovered. Nevertheless, more and more genetic factors associated with infertility are being identified. This review will focus on our current understanding of the chromosoma...

Infertility is a major health problem which affects approximately 22% of married couples in reproductive age. The apparent increased incidence of male infertility, in parallel with the widespread use of in vitro fertilization (IVF), raises concern as to the impact of advanced assisted conception techniques in transmitting genetic anomalies to the offspring. Recent research has widely focused on...

Background: The evaluation of the infertile male includes a thorough history taking, physical examination Semen analysis, hormonal array and search for anti sperm antibody. Additional tests include Trans rectal ultrasound, vasography and testicular biopsy. The latter is particularly useful in cases of azoospermia or oligozoospermia and normal endocrine function. Objective: To identify and categ...

Thyroid gland, previously supposed not to have any impact on spermatogenesis and male fertility, are now being recognized as having important role in male reproductive functions. Most of the studies on the effect of thyroid hormones on male fertility were conducted between the years 1970 and 2000 (1). The effects of thyroid hormone alterations on the reproductive system have been studied extens...