Europski pitomi kesten plemenita je listača od koje imamo višestruku gospodarsku korist. Osim jestivih plodova i kvalitetnog drva, kestenove šume su još davnina predstavljale važan izvor različitih sirovina. Međutim, intenzivnim korištenjem kestenovih šuma nasada te pojavom raka kore, sredinom prošloga stoljeća došlo do njihovog propadanja sušenja. Iz tih razloga u mnogim europskim zemljama pok...

in recent years, wildlife habitat needs to meet critical requirment (water, food, cover and reproduction sites) on the one hand, and human needs to natural lands for developing agricultural, industrial and residential activities on the other hand, have lead to the serious human-wildlife conflicts. attacks of wolves to human and livestock in hamedan province is an example of these conflicts. dev...