We present a formal model of how the size of a firm’s administrative staff depends on the environment in which it operates. We consider a monopolist that introduces a new product in the face of market uncertainty. In a model that incorporates an informationprocessing view of the managerial hierarchies into a product choice problem, we relate optimal size of organizations to the speed of change ...

According to the widely used Managerial Power Model, a higher hierarchical position with associated higher power leads to higher compensation. In contrast, the Compensating Wage Differentials Model argues that there is a non-positive relationship between positional power and total compensation. Both power and income yield utility and in equilibrium managers are prepared to trade-off the two ele...

Many RFCs, but not all, are Proposed Standards, Draft Standards, or Standards. Since the status of these RFCs may change during the standards processing, we note here only that they are on the standards track. Please see the latest edition of "Internet Official Protocol Standards" for the current state and status of these RFCs. In the following, RFCs on the standards track are marked [STANDARDS...

Managerial opportunism is commonly considered as destructive for the parties involved in an agency relationship. Using a formulation close to Jensen and Meckling’s equity model, we consider an agency relationship between a manager and an investor. The latter is assumed to benefit from a market power in terms of external funding opportunities. For high values of the prevailing rate of interest, ...

Construction industry involved very complicated process and extensive linkages to more than hundred of upstream and downstream industries. Therefore, an effective leadership at managerial level of construction organization is needed to well manage and control their subordinates in order to make sure the efficiency and productivity of the construction work. However, both managerial level of the ...

Orientation: Awards are mostly given on the basis of recognitions without ascertaining it influence current state awardee and their future performance. Research purpose: The main purpose this study was to ascertain awards teacher’s motivation towards optimal Motivation: This motivated by existing gap in previous literature how actually motivate teachers other better ways method: A qualitative a...

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd trust management third internati...

Trust is one of the most concerned obstacles for the adoption and growth of cloud computing. Although several solutions have been proposed recently in managing trust feedbacks in cloud environments, how to determine the credibility of trust feedbacks is mostly neglected. In addition, managing trust feedbacks in cloud environments is a difficult problem due to unpredictable number of cloud servi...

introduction: students are often similar in terms of learning ability and talent. however, there are remarkable differences in their academic performance during their schooling, which can be due to the differences in their academic motivation and achievement motivation. the current study was carried out to compare achievement motivation and academic achievement among the students of kermanshah ...