Many studies have aimed to understand food webs by investigating components such as trophic links (one consumer taxon eats one resource taxon), tritrophic interactions (one consumer eats an intermediate taxon, which eats a resource), or longer chains of links. We show here that none of these components (links, tritrophic interactions, and longer chains), individually or as an ensemble, accounts...

background: urmia lake, the second largest hyper-saline lake of the world, has experienced lack of water and other environmental issues in recent years. now, there is a danger of the lake drying out, which will affect the region and its inhabitants. this study aimed to present a model which can relate the water level of the lake to effective factors. methods: parameters that influence water lev...

During my travels to numerous countries over 40 years, I have seen many picturesque mountain villages with elegant and well-preserved houses perched on carefully selected sites on the mountains, and others located by a river or lake at the foot of a mountain. They appear remarkably harmonious with the natural scenery. Fruit trees or tea trees and crops such as rice, wheat, and corn are planted ...

In this study lake levels of Lake Tana are simulated at daily time step by solving the water balance for all inflow and outflow processes. Since nearly 62% of the Lake Tana basin area is ungauged a regionalisation procedure is applied to estimate lake inflows from ungauged catchments. The procedure combines automated multi-objective calibration of a simple conceptual model and multiple regressi...

Based on field investigation, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and sedimentary analyses, this research shows that the Yinduba paleolandslide-dammed lake (PDL) was formed by a catastrophic rock avalanche damming Jinsha River before 74 ka ago. According to blocked ancient riverbed, depth determined about 110 m corresponding length 22 km when level reached peak. Geomorphologic featur...

Navy research shows that water delivered as a fine mist (or fog) is more effective than sprays in suppressing large scale fires[1, 2]. Fine mists have three distinct advantages. First, the small drop sizes that make up the mist allow the water to reach obstructed fires more easily than larger spray drops. Secondly, the water mist system has a lower water demand than the spray system. Lastly, sm...

The Great Lakes of East Africa are among the world's most important freshwater ecosystems. Despite their importance in providing vital resources and ecosystem services, the impact of regional and global environmental drivers on this lacustrine system remains only partially understood. We make a systematic comparison of the dynamics of the bio-optical and thermal properties of thirteen of the la...

Questions: Does gene flow constrain adaptation in nature? Does spatial variation in selection make it difficult to detect the role of gene flow? Data description: Variation in the adaptive morphology of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from multiple sites in each of three environments: Misty Lake, an inlet stream flowing into Misty Lake, and an outlet stream flowing out of Misty ...