The hydration structure of NaCl aqueous solution was elucidated in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the basis of canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. Hydration shells were preferentially formed even in narrow CNTs to gain stabilization energy, whereas hydrogen bonding between water molecules in such CNTs was sacrificed. Nanoscale-confined aqueous electrolyte solutions therefore prioritize hydr...

Interacting effects of high light and drought on the performance of sun and shade phenotypes were experimentally undertaken following survival, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in 2-year-old saplings of four Mediterranean trees (Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera as water-saving species, and Pistacia lentiscus and P. terebinthus as water-spending species). Half of the saplings were grown in...

response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimum processing conditions that lead to maximum water loss, weight reduction and minimum solid gain as well as water activity during osmotic dehydration of carrots. temperature (30-50?c), processing time (120-240 min), glucose syrup de=42 (30-50% w/w) and salt (5-15%) concentrations were the factors investigated with respect to water ...

Finding the most influential nodes is an important issue in social network analysis. To tackle this issue, Kempe et al. proposed the natural greedy strategy, which, although provides a good approximation, suffers from high computation cost on estimating the influence function even if adopting an efficient optimization. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective evaluation, the expectation...

Many countries mandate affirmative action in university admissions for traditionally disadvantaged groups. Little is known about either the efficacy or costs of these programs. This paper examines affirmative action in engineering colleges in India for “lower-caste” groups. We find that it successfully targets the financially disadvantaged: the marginal upper-caste applicant comes from a more a...

UNLABELLED Recent data from GELF (Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires) have shown that the addition of interferon alfa-2b (IFN) to a doxorubicin-containing regimen (CHVP: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide and prednisone) prolongs both progression-free survival and overall survival in high-tumor-burden follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This gain must be weighed against the increm...