This summary covers the developments from 2006 in diesel regulations, engine combustion, and NOx and PM remediation. Regulatory developments are now focused on Europe, where light-duty Euro 5 and 6 regulations have been proposed for 2009 and 2014, respectively. The regulations are lass stringent than those in the US, but options exist for adopting European vehicles for the US market. Europe is ...

In this study, we look at the determinants of industry-level capital intensities. Using cross-country data, we find that the most important determinant is a country’s factor endowment. In addition, we find that measures of labor regulation and financial development also matter: less restrictive labor regulations and greater financial development are associated with lower and higher capital-inte...

If the future market wage is uncertain, engaging in long–term employment is risky, with the risk depending on how regulated the labor market is. In our experiment long– term employment can result either from offering long–term contracts or from repeatedly and mutually opting for rematching. Treatments differ in how regulations restrict the employer’s flexibility in adapting the employment contr...

The purpose of this study was to find out the Implementation District Regulation No. 22 2013 concerning Traditional Arrangements, Shopping Centers and Modern Stores at Kolpajung Pamekasan Market. method used in research is a qualitative descriptive method, case which conducted Market, Regency. This focused on Government Policy structuring Markets Market create People's whose arrangement accorda...

Standard economic analysis holds that labor market rigidities are harmful for job creation and typically increase unemployment. But many orthodox reforms of the labor market have proved di±cult to implement because of political opposition. For these reasons it is important to explain why we observe such regulations. In this paper I outline a theory of how they may arise and why they ̄t together...

be geared to modern requirements. Unlike the present solvency regime, Solvency II is designed to reflect a prospective and risk-oriented economic view. It will be based on a total balance sheet approach and harmonised with accounting rules and regulations. Assets and liabilities will consistently be recognised at market values. In principle, IFRS provisions can be used as a basis for valuing th...

Examining previously underused corporate documents, we revisit the story of the Asbestos Information Association/North America, an industry trade group that sought in the early 1970s to counteract the growing public attention to, and government regulation of, asbestos as a serious threat to workers and consumers. From the mid-1960s through the early 1970s, according to its own spokesperson, asb...

Firms in emerging economies exhibit dangerously low compliance with government regulations aimed at protecting society from the negative externalities of their operations. Weak government enforcement contributes to this lack of compliance, but we argue that the limited legitimacy of government and its regulations also plays a critical role, especially among firms without insider access to key p...

Our understanding of how markets and businesses operate was passed down to us more than a century ago by English economist Alfred Marshall. It is based on the assumption of diminishing returns: products or companies that get ahead in a market eventually run into limitations so that a predictable equilibrium of prices and market shares is reached. The theory was valid for the bulk-processing, sm...