This proposal is to perform detailed analysis of STIS observations of the upper atmosphere of Mars, using an ionospheric model, general circulation model results for the neutral atmosphere, and various recent spacecraft observations of Mars. The end goal is to better understand the escape of oxygen, and by extension water, from Mars. The observations have yielded limb profiles of atomic hydroge...

In China, a rapid increase in passenger vehicles has led to the growing concern of vehicle exhaust as an important source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities hard hit by haze. In this study, the SOA formation of emissions from two idling light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) (Euro 1 and Euro 4) operated in China was investigated in a 30 m smog chamber. Five photooxidat...

We present the Multi-vAlue Rule Set (MARS) model for interpretable classification with feature efficient presentations. MARS introduces a more generalized form of association rules that allows multiple values in a condition. Rules of this form are more concise than traditional single-valued rules in capturing and describing patterns in data. MARS mitigates the problem of dealing with continuous...

[1] The nightside ionosphere of Mars is known to be highly variable: electron densities are below detection thresholds in certain regions and are almost comparable to the photoionization-produced dayside ionosphere in others. The factors controlling its structure include thermospheric densities, temperatures and winds, day-night plasma transport, plasma temperatures, current systems, meteoroid ...

[1] Mars Global Surveyor Accelerometer Experiment density measurements indicate the presence of planetary-scale wave structure in the Mars upper atmosphere ( 130 km). In particular, Phase 2 aerobraking observations reveal large amplitude zonal wave 2 and 3 variations in dayside density between ± 60 latitude. These spatial variations (in a fixed local solar time reference) can be qualitatively r...

Viking landers 1 and 2 measured the surface pressure on Mars for multiple annual cycles and found that Mars’ CO2 cycle is highly repeatable [1]. The dust cycle can affect the CO2 cycle by altering the heat balance of the atmosphere and by modifying the emissivity and albedo of the polar caps [2, 3]. One would therefore expect that the highly variable nature of the dust cycle would lead to year-...

R.M. Haberle, NASA/Ames Research Center ([email protected]), J.L Hollingsworth, NASA/Ames Research Center ([email protected]), A. Colaprete, NASA/Ames Research Center ([email protected]) A.F.C. Bridger, San Jose State University ([email protected]), C.P. McKay, NASA/Ames Research Center ([email protected]), J.R. Murphy, New Mexico State University (mur...

INTRODUCTION Statistical models for assessing risk of type 2 diabetes are usually additive with linear terms that use non-nationally representative data. The objective of this study was to use nationally representative data on diabetes risk factors and spline regression models to determine the ability of models with nonlinear and interaction terms to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes. METHOD...