Traditional wavelet packet audio compression algorithms do not utilize the temporal masking properties of the human auditory system, relying instead on simultaneous masking models. This paper presents the design and implementation of a perceptual wavelet audio coder by incorporating temporal and simultaneous masking models. The efficiency of the encoder was assessed based upon the number of bit...

A new general explanation for u-shaped backward masking is analyzed and found to predict shifts in the interstimulus interval (ISI) that produces strongest masking. This predicted shift is then compared to six sets of masking data. The resulting comparisons force the general explanation to make certain assumptions to account for the data. In this way, the experimental data promote the developme...

In visual backward masking, the visibility of a briefly presented visual target is disrupted by a mask that is presented shortly thereafter. The goal of the current study was to identify regions in the human cortex that may provide the neural basis of visual masking. We searched for areas whose activity correlated with perception as we systematically varied the strength of masking. A total of 1...

We probed how processing of luminance increments and decrements interacts with attention dependent substitution masking. Results showed that a target was identified better when surrounded by an opposite polarity mask as compared to the same polarity mask. Opposite polarity mask decreased an effect of distracters, indicating influence on the time of directing attention to a target. The opposite ...

Many papers deal with the problem of constructing an efficient masking scheme for existing block ciphers. We take the reverse approach: that is, given a proven masking scheme (Rivain and Prouff, CHES 2010) we design a block cipher that fits well the masking constraints. The difficulty of implementing efficient masking for a block cipher comes mainly from the S-boxes. Therefore the choice of an ...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied over the occipital pole can suppress visual perception. Since its first description in 1989 by Amassian et al., this technique has widely been used to investigate visual processing at the cortical level. This article presents a review of experiments masking visual stimuli by TMS. The psychophysical characterization of TMS masking, the dependence o...

In this paper, we introduce a unified spatial masking function for the estimation of just-noticeable difference (JND). Conventional models estimate several parts independently, and then combine these parts to get the JND. In this work, we treat the spatial masking effect as a nonlinear transformation of the luminance adaptation. To model the transformation, we measure the deviation of image con...

The masking of bitterness is considered important because many pharmaceutical compounds have a bitter taste. The bitterness-masking effect of powdered roasted soybeans (PRS) was investigated using a bitter taste sensor. PRS was revealed to significantly suppress the bitterness of quinine hydrochloride and denatonium benzoate. Furthermore, the bitterness-masking mechanism of PRS extracts was eva...

This document discusses masking approaches with a special focus on the AES S-box. Firstly, we discuss previously presented masking schemes with respect to their security and implementation. We conclude that algorithmic countermeasures to secure the AES algorithm against side-channel attacks have not been resistant against all first-order side-channel attacks. In this article, we introduce a new...