Along with fierce e-commerce market competitions, some sellers may be worried about losing their customers so they bribe advisors by material means. The behavior of the advisor not only depends on their intrinsic properties, but also depends on their motivation that they may provide untruthful information to obtain additional material reward. The balance between profit and information truth con...

We consider a novel asymptotic limit of model equations proposed to describe the formation of localised states in a vertically vibrated layer of granular material or viscoelastic fluid. In physical terms, the asymptotic limit is motivated by experimental observations that localised states (‘oscillons’) arise when regions of weak excitation are nevertheless able to expel material rapidly enough ...

In this paper the basic mathematical structure of a thermo-poro-mechanical model for faults under rapid shear is discussed. The analysis is 1D in space and concerns the infinitely extended fault. The gauge material is considered as a two-phase material consisting of a thermo-elastic fluid and of a thermoporo-elasto-viscoplastic skeleton. The governing equations are derived from first principles...

Mass balance excretion studies in laboratory animals and humans using radiolabeled compounds represent a standard part of the development process for new drugs. From these studies, the total fate of drug-related material is obtained: mass balance, routes of excretion, and, with additional analyses, metabolic pathways. However, rarely does the mass balance in radiolabeled excretion studies truly...

Natural gravel bed channels commonly contain a fine mode of sand and fine gravel that fills voids of the bed framework of coarser gravel. If the supply of fine bed material exceeds the storage capacity of framework voids, excess fine material forms surficial patches, which can be voluminous in pools during low flow. Data collected in 34 natural channels in northern California and southern Orego...