There is now much evidence that early life undernutrition elevates risk of diseases like cardiovascular disease. Less clear is whether the underlying developmental plasticity in metabolism and physiology evolved to serve an adaptive function, beyond these effects on pathophysiology. This review builds from principles of life history theory to propose a functional model linking early environment...

BACKGROUND Food insecurity and associated malnutrition result in serious health problems in developing countries. This study determined levels of maternal undernutrition and its association with food insecurity in northwest Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study conducted May 24-July 20, 2013. Multistage random sampling was used to select ...

It has been proposed that prenatal nutrition provides the fetus with a cue allowing it to adjust biological settings in anticipation of postnatal nutrition. To evaluate the reliability of fetal growth rate as a nutritional cue, this study assesses the extent to which a nonnutritional factor-maternal illness symptoms during pregnancy-predicts birth outcomes in a large, population-based sample of...

Host plant defence mechanisms (resistance and tolerance) nutrition are two of the most widely proposed components for control hemiparasitic weeds genus Striga in tropical cereal production systems. Neither alone is effective enough to prevent parasitism concomitant crop losses. This review explores potential improved nutrition, being chemical constituent soil fertility, fortify expression inher...

Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing fertility, fetal development, birth outcomes, and breast milk composition. During the critical window of time from conception through the initiation of complementary feeding, the nutrition of the mother is the nutrition of the offspring-and a mother's dietary choices can affect both the early health status and lifelong disease risk of the o...

This document summarizes findings from the Accra Urban Food and Nutrition Study (AUFNS) about the importance of care as an input to child nutrition and the relative contribution of various maternal and household resources to the provision of care. Findings from the quantitative survey (n = 556) and the in-depth observational study (n = 22) are reviewed and complemented with insights from the pa...

Objective: Untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may lead to increased risk of macrosomia, congenital anomalies, unexplained stillbirth, hypoglycemia and jaundice in newborns. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate feto-maternal outcome in women with GDM. Materials and Methods: Two hundred pregnant women underwent 75grams glucose challenge test according to Diabetes in Pregna...

Daniela Flück, Igor D. Braz, Stefanie Keiser, Fabienne Hüppin, Thomas Haider, Matthias P. Hilty, James P. Fisher, and Carsten Lundby Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences,...

OBJECTIVE To provide information on the potential contribution to vitamin A nutrition in infants of strategies for improving maternal vitamin A status and increasing the consumption of breast milk. METHODS The contribution of breastfeeding to the vitamin A nutrition of children in eight age groups between 0 and 24 months was simulated under four sets of conditions involving two levels of brea...