In this paper we extend PALPS, a process calculus proposed for the spatially-explicit, individual-based modeling of ecological systems, with a synchronous parallel operator. The semantics of the resulting calculus, S-PALPS, is defined at the level of populations as opposed to the level of individuals as was the case with PALPS, thus, allowing a considerable reduction in a system’s state space. ...

The aim of this study was to determine, using a computerized image analysing system, whether the use of a curved-bristle toothbrush (CBT) alone is more effective than two other toothbrushing protocols on dental plaque elimination in poor-toothbrushing orthodontic patients. The labial surfaces of the maxillary canine-to-canine anterior teeth of 30 patients (12 males and 18 females) were individu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different prosthodontic planning methods on the morphological symmetry of maxillary anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 13 patients receiving fixed prosthodontic treatment, dental models were obtained from the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia. Two forms of diagnostic prosthodontic planning were executed: conventional wa...

Background: The maxillary labial frenum is frequently inserted in the mucogingival junction. However, it may show variation attachment. Despite fact that an aberrant has been associated to a range of syndromic and non-syndromic disorders, overlooked during routine intraoral examinations. Objectives: To find prevalence types attachment patients visiting tertiary hospital Nepal. Methods: This ana...

BACKGROUND This study cephalometrically compared the dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes consequent to one and three-premolar extraction protocols of class II subdivision malocclusion treatment. METHODS A sample of 126 lateral cephalometric radiographs from 63 patients was selected and divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 31 type 1 class II subdivision malocclusion patients treated...

OBJECTIVE To compare the amount of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth and amount of retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth between en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 30 female adult patients with Class I malocclusion and lip protrusion who needed maximum posterior anchorage. The sample was subdivide...