Eighteen asthmatic children were challenged with ultrasonically nebulized cold distilled water (UNCDW). Blood gas composition was monitored transcutaneously (tcpO(2) and tcpCO(2)) during and after the challenge. Assuming as basal the response to this UNCDW test, nine children (Group A) were then chosen at random to inhale cromoglycate by aerosol delivery for 8 days. Nine children (Group B), act...

The small hydraulic diameters employed during flow boiling in compact evaporator passages are becoming more important as they are employed in diverse applications including electronics cooling and fuel cell evaporators. The high pressure drop characteristics of these passages are particularly important as they alter the flow and heat transfer, especially in parallel multi-channel configuration....

In the present study, the local characteristics of pressure drop and heat transfer are investigated experimentally for the condensation of a pure refrigerant R134a in multi-port extruded tubes of 8 channels in 1.36mm hydraulic diameter and 19 channels in 0.80mm hydraulic diameter. The experimental data of frictional pressure drop (F.P.D.) and condensation heat transfer coefficient (H.T.C.) are ...

This work provides a review of hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer in the K?hni extraction columns. The experiments, as reported literature, were performed presence absence transfer. results showed that Sauter mean drop diameter was strongly affected by rotor speed interfacial tension, whereas effects dispersed continuous velocities negligible. Empirical correlations for diameter, ta...

Aim Previous studies have developed strong, site-specific relationships between canopy metrics from lidar (light detecting and ranging) remote sensing data and forest structural characteristics such as above-ground biomass (AGBM), but the generality of these relationships is unknown. In this study, we examine the generality of relationships between lidar metrics and forest structural characteri...

The small hydraulic diameters employed during  ow boiling in compact evaporator passages are becoming more important in diverse applications including electronics cooling and fuel cell evaporators. The high pressure drop characteristics of these passages are particularly important as they alter the  ow and heat transfer, especially in parallel multichannel conŽgurations. The pressure drop osc...

Inkjet printing is a powerful microfabrication tool that has been applied to the manufacture of ceramic components. To successfully fabricate ceramic objects a number of conditions must be satisfied concerning fluid properties and drop placement accuracy. It has been proposed that fluids are printable within the bounds 1 <Z < 10 (where Z is the inverse of the Ohnesorge number) and these limits ...

Cryogen spray cooling allows removing large amounts of heat in short periods of time. Previous investigations have shown that stainless steel wire meshes placed between spray nozzle and target surfaces effectively increase uniformity in lateral heat extraction while reducing cooling efficiency. In this study we used phase Doppler particle analysis to assess the effect of a wire mesh on the diam...

A new theoretical method for computing travel distance, number of turns, and cyclone pressure drop has been developed and is presented in this article. The flow pattern and cyclone dimensions determine the travel distance in a cyclone. The effective number of turns was calculated based on the travel distance. Cyclone pressure drop is composed of five pressure loss components. The frictional pre...