We propose a data forwarding scheme termed dynamic energy-based relaying (DER) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the DER scheme, all nodes try to forward their data packets toward the nodes that are optimal distance closer to the data sink. They also take the relaying node estimated lifetime into consideration in the selection process. When necessary, they will choose nodes that are close...

This paper presents a methodology for modeling degradation signals from components functioning under dynamically-evolving environment conditions. We utilize in-situ sensor signals related to the degradation process, as well as the environment conditions, to predict and update, in real-time, the distribution of a component’s residual lifetime. The model assumes that the time-dependent rate at wh...

In Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Networking (DTMSN), mobile sensor nodes are usually limited to their energy capacity, one important concern in routing design of DTMSN is energy consumption. This paper presents a number of variations of the Epidemic Routing Protocol (ERP) to extend the DTMSN lifetime. It introduces the analytical model for ERP, after introducing the concepts behind the Target De...

Energy consumption is a significant issue in ad hoc networks since mobile nodes are battery powered. In order to prolong the lifetime of ad hoc networks, it is the most critical issue to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient multipath routing protocol for choosing energy efficient path. This system also considers transmission power of nodes and ...

Clustering is an effective topology control approach, which can prolong the lifetime and increase scalability for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The popular criteria for clustering technique are to select cluster heads with more residual energy and to rotate them periodically. However, hot spots will emerge in real network environment at locations where they have heavy traffic load to transfe...

We study randomly initialized residual networks using mean field theory and the theory of difference equations. Classical feedforward neural networks, such as those with tanh activations, exhibit exponential behavior on the average when propagating inputs forward or gradients backward. The exponential forward dynamics causes rapid collapsing of the input space geometry, while the exponential ba...

The ocean’s overturning circulation is inherently three-dimensional, yet modern quantitative estimates of the overturning typically represent the subsurface circulation as a two-dimensional, two-cell streamfunction that varies with latitude and depth only. This approach suppresses information about zonal mass and tracer transport. In this article, the authors extend earlier, zonally averaged ov...

A parameterization of mesoscale eddies in coarse-resolution ocean general circulation models (GCM) is formulated and implemented using a residual-mean formalism. In that framework, mean buoyancy is advected by the residual velocity (the sum of the Eulerian and eddy-induced velocities) and modified by a residual flux which accounts for the diabatic effects of mesoscale eddies. The residual veloc...

Clustering, an energy efficient approach is used in Wireless Sensor Network. Clustering involves cluster formation and Cluster Head Selection. As the Cluster Head is involved in carrying out the entire communication, a high energy node has to be selected as Cluster Head. Current clustering approaches often use two methods: selecting cluster heads with more residual energy, and rotating cluster ...

In this paper, a simple and flexible method for increasing the lifetime of fixed or mobile wireless sensor networks is proposed. Based on past residual energy information reported by the sensor nodes, the sink node or another central node dynamically optimizes the communication activity levels of the sensor nodes to save energy without sacrificing the data throughput. The activity levels are de...