abstract this study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary efl learners. to this end, 58 adult male iranian efl learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. they formed the three groups of the study. the grammar section of cambridge michigan placement test was used to...

Meditation is becoming increasingly popular as a topic for scientific research and theories on meditation are becoming ever more specific. We distinguish between what is called focused Attention meditation, open Monitoring meditation, and loving kindness (or compassion) meditation. Research suggests that these meditations have differential, dissociable effects on a wide range of cognitive (cont...

Background/introduction Anti-tumor immune response caused by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy has been a subject of controversy. Most agree that the response is more likely to be induced by mechanical, rather than thermal effects of HIFU. The goal of the current work was to study the effect of HIFU-induced liquefaction of a tumor on tumor-specific and non-specific T-cell mediate...

We describe multi-lingual text generation as an alternative to automatic translation in specified technical sublanguages, illustrating the notion with the implemented RAREAS-2 system for synthesizing marine weather forecasts in English and French. We then review the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT) of Mel'cuk et al. as we have applied it to text generation in the GOSSIP system for producing English re...

In this paper we discuss the semantics of adjectives from the perspective of a Modern Type Theory (MTT) with an adequate subtyping mechanism. In an MTT, common nouns (CNs) can be interpreted as types and, in particular, CNs modified by intersective and subsective adjectives can be given semantics by means of Σ-types. However, an interpretation of CNs as types would not be viable without a prope...

Corpus-based treebank annotation is known to result in incomplete coverage of midand low-frequency linguistic constructions: the linguistic representation and corpus annotation quality are sometimes suboptimal. Large descriptive grammars cover also many midand low-frequency constructions. We argue for use of large descriptive grammars and their sample sentences as a basis for specifying higher-...

Participants in public distributed computing do not find it easy to trust each other. The massive number of parties involved, their heterogeneous backgrounds, disparate goals and independent nature are not a good basis for the development of relationships through purely social mechanisms. This paper discusses the trust management issues that arise in the context of the XenoServer Open Platform:...

The class of string languages obtained by taking the yields of output tree languages of total deterministic macro tree transducers (MTTs) is investigated. The rst main result is that MTTs which are linear and nondeleting in the parameters generate the same class of string languages as total deterministic top-down tree transducers. The second main result is a so called \bridge theorem"; it can b...