The present paper critically examines how aid dependent low-income countries have approached the process of public expenditure management reform during the 1990s. It begins with an overview of broader public sector reform initiatives in LDCs which provide the backdrop against which expenditure management reform has taken place. It then assesses progress in six key areas of reform: the role and ...

As HCFA initiates the next generation of health plan performance measures, the agency must address challenges associated with measuring the quality of care in all of the settings in which Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries obtain care. One such challenge will be to integrate health plan performance measurement and health care quality measurement initiatives, which have been proceeding separate...

Asian regionalism is in a state of flux. Recent Chinese initiatives such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the new Silk Road, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), and more broadly what some have called “China-led alternative institution-building in Asia,” could redefine the contours of Asian regionalism. China is not the only country t...

Quality loss functions have found widespread application in production engineering and today are an indispensable part of quality management. However, they share an obstacle with most other quality concepts concerning their limited communicability to top management. In the allocation of financial resources, a company’s executive board is commonly interested in the profit implications of competi...

Injuries related to the events of September 11, 2001, and continuing military actions associated with Operation Enduring Freedom underscore the accurate focus of the Joint Trauma Training Center and the Warskills Simulation Laboratory. These two programs ensure that nurses are prepared to respond to diverse medical situations worldwide. Outcome measures from both initiatives attest to the effec...

The quest to leverage knowledge assets through effective Knowledge Management (KM) is a strategic initiative for many firms. Management literature has noted the lack of effective management of knowledge and called for establishing quantitative measures for these intangible assets (Teece, 1998; Zack, 1999b). Unfortunately, most KM initiatives in reality have been information projects that result...

This review provides a synthesis of published public health and social science literature to determine how process evaluation has been used to examine community participation and its intermediary role in health and social change outcomes. Community participation is defined, and its relationship to other community-development principles and evaluation and research methods is described. Then, cas...

South Africa's apartheid legacy is well known and has been widely researched. The impact ofapartheid was most acute in the urban areas. The present South African city form had been shaped by the early colonial measures to keep the urban areas predominantly for white use and occupation. As the democratic initiatives ofthe 1990s gained momentum various strategies were pursued to reverse the effec...

Safety in the automotive domain is becoming more and more important with the ever increasing level of complexity in emerging technologies built-in into the cars. As a stimulus for industry to refine its safety measures related to electrical, electronic and software systems in the cars, the ISO 26262 standard has been recently introduced. Developing safety-related systems according to this stand...