An analytical equation of state was applied to calculate the thermodynamic properties for argon.The equation of state is that of Song and Mason. It is based on a statistical-mechanical perturbationtheory of the hard convex bodies and can be written as fifth-order polynomial in the density. Thereexist three temperature-dependent parameters: the second virial coefficient, an effective molecularvo...

In the Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process used for microelectronics manufacturing, three contact regimes between the wafer surface and the polishing pad may be proposed: direct contact, mixed or partial contact, and hydroplaning. An effective in-situ method for characterizing the wafer/pad contact and a systematic way of relating contact conditions to the process parameters are both la...

The effective conductivity of material systems consisting of contacting particles is studied computationally using a model of monodisperse circular disks. The electrical or thermal conductivity is computed by modeling the relevant mechanical contact problem followed by a steady-state conduction analysis. The interparticle contact resistance is incorporated via the introduction of gap conductanc...

objectives: dental composite wear in posterior restorations is a concern and is affected by different factors. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polishing and mechanical loads on wear of silorane-based and methyl methacrylate-based composites resins. materials and methods: of each dental composite (filtek p90 and filtek p60), 40 samples were fabricated in a polyethylene mold (4...

We report on a new type of micromachined probe card which utilizes fritting process to make contact to Al or Cu pads with low contact force smaller than 10 mN. Microcantilevers contacting the pad surface with buckling deformation and can keep uniform contact force were designed and fabricated. Mechanical properties of the micro-cantilever was measured and a good agreement with theoretical buckl...

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a mechanical process by which the human hip fails due to pathological contact between the skeletal prominences of the acetabulum and the femur. This repetitive pathological contact occurs during normal activities of daily living as well as, more prominently, in an athletic population. This causes a microtraumatic effect and subsequently irreversible chondra...