Introduction The term “respiratory entrainment” refers to of coupling patterns between the rhythm neuronal and mechanical of ventilator to achieve satisfactory synchrony. Respiratory effort stimulated by the mechanical inspiratory flow or reverse trigger (RT), has been recently demonstrated [1]. This asynchrony is difficult to showed without additional signals as esophageal pressure or electrod...

Quantum mechanical analysis of electron tunneling in nine thermally fluctuating cytochrome b562 derivatives reveals two distinct protein-mediated coupling limits. A structure-insensitive regime arises for redox partners coupled through dynamically averaged multiple-coupling pathways (in seven of the nine derivatives) where heme-edge coupling leads to the multiple-pathway regime. A structure-dep...

SUMMARY. New analytical and computational results on the static and dynamic response of ne-matic elastomers to applied electric fields and mechanical loads are reviewed, and compared with the available experimental evidence. 1 INTRODUCTION Nematic elastomers display a peculiar mechanical response arising from the interplay between the electro-optical properties of liquid crystals and the elasti...

A simple approach is presented for using bond-stretching and bond-bending modes to describe the static deformations of carbon nanotubes and related actuation effects. This approach allows us to analyze various phenomena in a unified way and to clarify their relationships. We discuss gap energy modulation by external strains, dimensional and torsional deformations caused by charge injection, and...

Coupled human balancing tasks are investigated on the basis of both pseudo-neural controllers characterized by time-delayed feedback with random gain and natural human balancing tasks. It is numerically shown that in comparison to single balancing tasks, balancing tasks coupled by mechanical structures increase the stability of balancing errors in terms of both amplitude and velocity and also i...

The coupled mechanics of fluid-filled granular media controls the physics of many Earth systems such as saturated soils, fault gouge, and landslide shear zones. It is well established that when the pore fluid pressure rises, the shear resistance of fluid-filled granular systems decreases, and as a result catastrophic events such as soil liquefaction, earthquakes, and accelerating landslides may...

During rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep the ventilatory response to airway occlusion is reduced. Possible mechanisms are reduced chemosensitivity, mechanical impairment of the chest wall secondary to the atonia of REM sleep, or phasic REM events that interrupt or fractionate ongoing diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) activity. To differentiate between these possibilities, we studied three chronically...

The three-dimensional intracellular network formed by the filamentous polymers comprising the cytoskeletal affects the way cells sense their extracellular environment and respond to stimuli. Because the cytoskeleton is viscoelastic, it provides a continuous mechanical coupling throughout the cell that changes as the cytoskeleton remodels. Such mechanical effects, based on network formation, can...