This book explores fully up-to-date standardly used cryopreservation, vitrification, and freeze-drying protocols for specimens from humans, animals, plants that are research purposes, conservation of genetic reserves, applications in agriculture medicine.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the extraction condition of polysaccharide from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) (named CPP). Water to raw material ratio (10-30 mL/g), extraction time (40-80 min) and extraction temperature (60-100°C) were set as the 3 independent variables, and their effects on the extraction yield of CPP were measured. In addition, the effects of ...

Freeze-drying is a well-known dehydration method widely used to preserve microorganisms. In order to produce freeze-dried yeast starter culture for the brewing purpose of African sorghum beer, we tested protective agents (sucrose, glucose, glycerol) in combination with support materials (millet, maize, sorghum, and cassava flours) at 1:1 ratio (v/v). The yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae F...

Five different subtypes of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus propagated in BHK21 C13 monolayer cell cultures, namely 05, A5/!0, A22, C¡ and Asia 1/1, were used to study the stability of live virus during freeze-drying and subsequent storage. Binary ethyleneimine-inactivated FMD virus vaccines adjuvanted with purified saponin, "Quil-A", without aluminium hydroxide gel, were examined before and ...

Networks made from chitosan and alginate have been utilized as prospective tissue engineering scaffolds due to material biocompatibility and degradability. Calcium (Ca(2+) ) is often added to these networks as a modifier for mechanical strength enhancement. In this work, we examined changes in the bulk material properties of different concentrations of chitosan/alginate mixtures (2, 3, or 5% w/...

In this study, the dimensional changes of articular cartilage during cryofixation (immersion-freezing) followed by freeze-substitution and critical-point-drying or tertiary-butyl alcohol drying were compared with conventional fixation techniques. The cryotechnique resulted in 11% shrinkage of the articular cartilage. During conventional chemical fixation, the sample shrank by 28%. No difference...