In this study, we attempt to bring to light various organisational and implementational clashes relevant to the conceptualisation of language policies at national level, and the planning of local practices with regard to degree programmes, language journals and conferences in Iranian higher education. We also prove that in its current status, the ELT syllabus in Iran, both at national and local...

Granular residual is created in the banking network when there are a few large banks with many small banks. In this case, the effect of the shocks on each bank not lost in total that can lead to macro-economic consequences. The transmission of monetary policy through change in bank facilities is one of the key mechanisms affecting monetary policies. The power of transmission of monetary policy ...

introduction: numerous studies have demonstrated that kisspeptin, a peptide from the kiss1 gene, plays an important role in regulating the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh). also, there is some evidence suggesting that kisspeptin can interact with other neuropeptides for the control of the reproductive axis. in the present study, we have investigated the effect of central admin...

this enigma that “how should tort law assign monetary values to human lives?” has preoccupied many legal scholars. in responding this question, two independent bodies of law try to redress the personal injuries in the united states;1-tort law, in which the courts use a case-specific numbers to assess damages, making individual differences crucial and 2-regulatory policy, that relies on a unifor...

OBJECTIVE To identify, from policy makers' perspectives, strategies that enhance tobacco control advocates' effectiveness in the regulatory arena. DESIGN Key informant interview component of a comparative case study of regulatory agencies in the USA. SUBJECTS Policy makers involved in the development of four regulatory tobacco control policies (three state and one federal). METHODS Interv...

environmental protection is a key element in urban management. due to complex relationships between human and environment in metropolises the importance of environment is ever-increasing. in this paper the current situation of environment in tehran metropolis including air, water, biodiversity and human habitat along with the most crucial threats, their effect as well as the associated agencies...

Purpose: This paper addresses whether and how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(SOX) affects shareholder wealth (firm value) by focusing on the trade-off between improved corporate governance leading to a lower cost of capital and increased managerial compliance costs of regulations. Design/Methodology: We use an analytical model of solving the management utility maximization function and the cha...