introduction: breast cancer is the most common of all malignant neoplasms in women worldwide. this study aims to demonstrate certain biological, clinical and pathological characteristics of patients treated at the university hospital oncology unit. methods: a descriptive study was conducted during a period of 2 years, from october 2003 through september of 2005 in kermanshah, iran. 555 patients...

background it is believed that self-evaluation can empower students; help them to pick higher goals and to try harder to realize these targets. however, the nursing students’ self-evaluation on clinical skills has rarely been studied. objectives to investigate the correlation of nursing internship trainees’ self-evaluation of clinical skills with their teachers’ evaluation. conclusions the stud...

conclusions the results illustrate that the iranian version of the aep (ir-aep) could be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the level of inappropriate acute hospital admissions and days of care in the iranian context. results inter-rater and intra-rater reliability testing revealed an excellent level of consensus between the two nurses employing the aep in all the studied departments...

background : medical laboratory plays a critical role in maintaining and promoting health. increasing wide applications of laboratory medicine in clinical practice have highlighted specific topics in the areas of social, professional and ethical issues in the laboratory. despite the important role of clinical lab in health system, ethical issues have been rarely discussed for clinical labs. con...

After the identification of 5-10% of trans-unsaturated acids, mainly elaidic (trans-octadec-9-enoic) and vaccenic (trans-octadec-11-enoic), in ox fat (Swern, Knight & Eddy, 1952), it has been shown in this Laboratory (Hartman, Shorland & McDonald, 1954, 1955) that substantial amounts of these acids appear in the depot fats of other ruminants (3-5-11-2 %) and in certain marsupials (18-1-21-0 %),...

The biological antagonism between copper and molybdenum was discovered when cattle grazing pastures high in Mo were found to develop a syndrome characterized by diarrhoea, growth retardation, anaemia and achromotrichia, which could be prevented by administering Cu. This syndrome was subsequently reproduced in non-ruminants, but further studies revealed important differences in the nature of the...

The biological antagonism between copper and molybdenum was discovered when cattle grazing pastures high in Mo were found to develop a syndrome characterized by diarrhoea, growth retardation, anaemia and achromotrichia, which could be prevented by administering Cu. This syndrome was subsequently reproduced in non-ruminants, but further studies revealed important differences in the nature of the...

We have developed an immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) under field conditions. The diagnostic assay has been tested in the laboratory and also under field conditions in Ivory Coast, Pakistan, Ethiopia and Uganda. The test is carried out on a superficial swab sample (ocular or nasal) and showed a sensitivity of 84% relative to PCR. The specificity w...

abstract background and aims: medical students are exposed to various infectious diseases during their clinical training period, including measles and rubella. in iran, to control the outbreaks of measles and rubella a mass vaccination campaign was conducted on 2003. the present investigation evaluates immunity to measles and rubella in a group of babol medical students and determines the preva...

clinical databases can be categorized as big data, include large quantities of information about patients and their medical conditions. analyzing the quantitative and qualitative clinical data in addition with discovering relationships among huge number of samples using data mining techniques could unveil hidden medical knowledge in terms of correlation and association of apparently independent...