In the last two decades the prevailing opinion, supported by the "estrogen augmented by progesterone" hypothesis, has been that progesterone contributes to the development of breast cancer (BC). Support for this opinion was provided by the finding that some synthetic progestins, when added to estrogen in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal complaints, increase the BC risk more than...

Health technology The study assessed a 3-year treatment course of tibolone, a synthetic steroid that has estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic properties, in the management of postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms. Tibolone was taken daily at a dose of 2.5 mg and was taken orally. The treatment was compared with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, which comprised conjug...

Because of social, political, financial, or legal reasons, many contraceptive methods have been removed from the contraceptive armamentarium, sometimes almost as quickly as they were introduced. The original subdermal implant, a monthly intramuscular injection containing medroxyprogesterone acetate and estradiol cypionate, and a multitude of intrauterine devices have all been withdrawn from the...

Biological activities of 17a-acetoxy-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (chlormadinone acetate ; CMA) were investigated in comparison with those of 17a-acetoxy-6a-methylpregnane-3,20-dione (medroxyprogesterone acetate ; MAP). CMA produced marked progestational activity either subcutaneously or orally in the uterine carbonic anhydrase test, and its relative potency is approximately 30 times th...

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a commonly used form of contraception, with noncontraceptive benefits for the user. The mode of action is through the suppression of ovulation. It leads to hypoestrogenism which causes dryness of the vagina and dyspareunia. We present in this paper a patient that was very symptomatic with regard to vaginal atrophic changes determined by vaginal cytolo...

Norethindrone (17beta-hydroxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one) and norethindrone acetate (17beta-acetoxy-19-nor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one) interfered to a varying degree, by competitive inhibition, with the binding of progesterone and oestradiol to respective cytoplasmic receptors in the human uterus. Progesterone binding to 4S macromolecule was saturable and co-specific for progesti...

Thirty patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated by renal infarction, followed by delayed nephrectomy. All cases were collected over an eighteen-month period, with a minimum follow-up of one year. There were no complete remissions and only one partial remission, which lasted twenty-one months before progression of disease. Three patients had stable disease for at least six months,...

I n t e r v e n t i o n Women were allocated to conjugated estrogen, 0.625 mg/d, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/d (n = 1380), or placebo (n = 1383) for 4.1 years. In the subsequent 2.7 years (during HERS II), 1156 women in the estrogen-plus-progestin group and 1165 women in the placebo group continued follow-up, and open-label hormone therapy was prescribed at the discretion of the wo...

We examine the associations between pretreatment testosterone (TTS) levels and sociodemographic, clinical, and sexual behavioral characteristics. Two groups, low and normal pretreatment TTS, were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and compared on clinical response (deviant and nondeviant sexual behaviors; recidivism) and length of time to return to pretreatment TTS after discontinui...

Networks of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely advocated for the conservation of marine biodiversity. But for MPA networks to be successful in protecting marine populations, individual MPAs must be self-sustaining or adequately connected to other MPAs via dispersal. For marine species with a dispersive larval stage, populations within MPAs require either the return of settle...