MTC is a rare neuroendocrine thyroid tumour accounting for 3% to 10% of all thyroid malignancies. It can occur in a sporadic and a hereditary clinical setting. Hereditary MTC may either occur alone (familial MTC, FMTC) or as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A, or MEN 2B. These disorders are due to germline mutations in the RET (REarranged during Transfection) gene. In carriers o...

Therapy decisions in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma should be guided by a critical appraisal of the natural disease course (slowly progressive vs. aggressive) and benefits and side effects of therapy. Therapy goals should be distinguished between curative and palliative. Local treatments are mainly palliative and may add to quality of life. The advent of novel systemic therapies opens pro...

BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) represents approximately 5% of all thyroid cancers. Surgery is the only curative treatment, which includes total thyroidectomy and in most cases, neck dissection. AIM To report our 10-year experience with surgical treatment of MTC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of medical records and pathology reports of a university hospital. We retrieved data from 2...

Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Abstract Purpose: In thyroid cancer clinical trials, agents targeting VEGF receptors and RET, among other kinases, have led to partial responses but few complete or durable responses. The RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways are frequently activated in differentiated and medullary t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of genetic testing in the management of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A patients. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Twenty-two patients from eight multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A families underwent prophylactic total thyroidectomy based on a positive RET mutation genetic testing. All mutations we...

BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for approximately 1 to 2 % of all thyroid carcinoma cases. The most common route of dissemination is to locoregional lymph nodes. Distant metastases commonly affect bones, lungs, and liver. We present a case of a white woman with a 25-year history of medullary thyroid carcinoma on multiple medications including tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy fo...

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine tumour. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a rare disease with increased incidence. In 2014, 62,980 (15,190 for males and 47,790 for women) cases of DTC were estimated in the US, compared to 2009 with 31,200 new cases [1]. In the US, estimated new cases for 2017 are 14,400 for males and 42,470 for females [2]. Thyroid cancer incidence ra...

twenty-one patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied prospectively with tc-99m (v) dmsa after surgery. pentavalent dmsa scintigram demonstrated abnormal uptake in 13 and equivocal uptake in 6 patients. finally, seven patients with surgical or other imaging documentation were selected for this paper. most of these patients were asymptomatic. six patients had hypercalcitonemia and se...

One of the most discussed and controversial issue in the management of thyroid nodules is the need to perform a routine measurement of serum Calcitonin (Ct) in all cases. The American Thyroid Association guidelines do not recommend in favor or against this procedure since they retain that there are not enough evidences that it can determine an advantage to the health outcomes of these patients....