Abstract The production of flat steel products is commonly linked to highly integrated sites, which include hot metal generation via the blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace (BOF), continuous casting, and subsequent hot-rolling. In order reach carbon neutrality a shift away from traditional carbon-based metallurgy required within next decades. Direct reduction (DR) plants are capable support thi...

The Ce3Pd6Sb5-type antimonides RE3Pd6Sb5 (RE = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) were synthesized by arc-melting and subsequent annealing in sealed silica ampoules in a high-frequency furnace. The new compounds Sm3Pd6Sb5 (a = 1337.0(5), b = 441.5(1), c = 988.6(3) pm) and Tb3Pd6Sb5 (a = 1328.8(4), b = 439.9(2), c = 976.6(5) pm) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction data. The RE3Pd6Sb5 antimonides ado...

Melting solidification experiments of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were carried out in a high-temperature tube furnace device. An fusion temperature (AFT) test, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) applied order to gain insight into the fusibility, transformation during melting process, leaching behavior heavy...

In this study, experimental Ti-Ag alloys (5, 10, and 20 mass% Ag) and Ti-Cu alloys (2, 5, and 10 mass% Cu) were made in an argon-arc melting furnace. The alloys were cast into magnesia molds using an argon gas-pressure dental casting machine, and the mechanical properties and microstructures of the castings were investigated. As the concentration of silver or copper in the alloys increased, the...

At two blast furnaces (BF) with a volume of 1386 and 1500 m³, the influence parameters slag modes on content silicon sulfur in cast iron was investigated. The mode evaluated by consumption pulverized coal fuel (PCF) oxygen, its basicity CaO / SiO₂. It found that injection into hearth m³ BF range flow rates from 108 to 120 g/m³·s, 90 110 g/m³·s accompanied decrease iron. deterioration transition...

The cupola is a furnace used for melting steel scrap, cast iron scrap, and ferroalloys to produce cast iron. Its main energy source is coal coke. It is one of the oldest methods of producing cast iron, and it remains the dominate method because of its simplicity and low fuel cost. Cupolas range in size from 18 inches to 13 feet in diameter, and can produce up to 100 tons per hour of cast iron. ...

Nuclear-waste melter feeds are slurry mixtures of wastes with glass-forming and glass-modifying additives (unless prefabricated frits are used), which are converted to molten glass in a continuous electrical glass-melting furnace. The feeds gradually become continuous glass-forming melts. Initially, the melts contain dissolving refractory feed constituents that are suspended together with numer...

As an indispensable raw material in blast furnace ironmaking, coke plays important role, which is also the key to low-carbon smelting and reducing ironmaking carbon emissions, so it necessary study its quality, degradation behavior, microstructure evolution. In this work, pore structure micromorphology of incoming (IC) tuyere (TC) were analyzed comprehensively by comparative research methods. T...