Introduction MDMA or ecstasy is a derivative of amphetamines used mostly by young people worldwide. Although the acute effects of this drug are known, the effect of chronic administration is not well studied. Therefor the aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeated (long term) administration of MDMA on rats' memory and their hippocampal cell density. Method: Young adult male W...

Considering the emerging importance of phenotypic markers as indicators of cell function and differentiation, we studied patterns ofCD44 and CD45RB expression in CD8+ murine T cells with prior exposure to antigen or staphylococcal enterotoxin B ( SEB ). Following in vivo priming with two purified protein derivatives (one from a virulent WHO strain and the other from an avirulent strain), T ...

B cells can influence T cell responses by directly presenting Ag or by secreting Ab that binds to Ag to form immunogenic complexes. Conflicting evidence suggests that persisting Ag-Ab complexes propagate long-term T cell memory; yet, other data indicate that memory cells can survive without specific Ag or MHC. In this study, the roles of B cells and Ag-Ab complexes in T cell responses to lympho...

CD8(+) T cell immune responses provide immediate protection against primary infection and durable memory capable of rapidly fighting off re-infection. Immediate protection and lasting memory are implemented by phenotypically and functionally distinct T cell subsets. While it is now widely accepted that these diverge from a common source of naïve T cells (T(n)), the developmental relation and su...