The plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is one of the most important pathways in plants and produces a large variety of essential isoprenoids. Its regulation, however, is still not well understood. Using the stable isotope 13C-labeling technique, we analyzed the carbon fluxes through the MEP pathway and into the major plastidic isoprenoid products in isoprene-emitting an...

OBJECTIVE To understand the relationship between neuronal excitability reflected by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evoked motor potentials (MEPs) and spontaneous oscillation amplitude and phase. METHODS We combined spontaneous EEG measurement with motor cortex TMS and recorded MEP amplitudes from abductor digiti minimi (ADM). RESULTS Midrange-beta oscillations over the stimulated l...

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) of the motor cortex leads to increased motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes in the stimulated hand muscles. We hypothesized that evoking GABA(A) receptor-mediated short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) simultaneously with excitatory PAS would depress long-term potentiation plasticity in motor cortex. Four different PAS paradigms were tested, stand...

Centers responding to a survey of MEP monitoring practices predominantly used transcranial electrical brain stimulation (TCES) with brief pulse trains and/or spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to elicit MEPs; transcranial magnetic stimulation and single-pulse TCES were not techniques of choice. Most centers using TCES had patient exclusion criteria (e.g., cochlear implants, cardiac pacemakers, prior...

Tyrosine site-specific recombinases, which promote one class of biologically important phosphoryl transfer reactions in DNA, exemplify active site mechanisms for stabilizing the phosphate transition state. A highly conserved arginine duo (Arg-I; Arg-II) of the recombinase active site plays a crucial role in this function. Cre and Flp recombinase mutants lacking either arginine can be rescued by...

BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in middle ear pressure (MEP) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients undergoing RARP were included in this study. MEP was obtained at the following time points: awake (T1), postintubation (T2), pneumoperitoneum + 1 h of Trendelenburg position (T3), pneumoperitoneum + 2 h of Trend...

Over the last 30 years empirical evidence in favour of the Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) principle for non-equilibrium systems has been accumulating from studies of phenomena as diverse as planetary climates, crystal growth morphology, bacterial metabolism and photosynthesis. And yet MEP is still regarded by many as nothing other than a curiosity, largely because a theoretical justification ...

AIMS The procedure of laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation (LOTI) has many impacts on several parts of the body. But its effect on middle ear pressure (MEP) is not known well. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MEP changes subsequent to insertion of endotracheal tube with laryngoscope. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 44 patients were included in this study with a normal physical examination of...

Motor evoked potentials (MEP) and cervicomedullary evoked potentials (CMEP) may help determine the corticospinal adaptations underlying chronic resistance training-induced increases in voluntary force production. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of chronic resistance training on corticospinal excitability (CE) of the biceps brachii during elbow flexion contractions at variou...

Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) show a trial-to-trial variation in size at rest that is positively correlated for muscles of the same, and opposite, upper limbs. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for this we have examined the effect of voluntary activation on the correlated fluctuations of MEP size. In 8 subjects TMS was concurrently applied ...