Abstract Background Obesity was once though as an indispensable component of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, there a lot definitions syndrome with only few not including obesity criterion. The necessity the criterion in health assessment is being questioned, similar disturbances can occur normal weight individuals. This relatively new concept often referred lean Data on long term prognosis scarc...

Ever since the French–German pathologist Jean Lobstein coined the term arteriosclerosis in 1833, the disease has been intensively investigated. In 1793, Edward Jenner, later a celebrity for his contribution to small pox vaccination, performed an autopsy on his colleague John Hutner who had died suddenly during a heated discussion at a board meeting at St Georges Hospital in London. In his notes...

Obese gold thioglucose injected mice were reduced to lean control weight by food restriction. When pair fed with lean controls these animals then gained weight (were metabolically more efficient). Serum glucose was also elevated in this group (14.5 +/- 0.4 (14) vs 12.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, p less than 0.001). If previously obese animals were weight maintained with lean controls (by mild food restric...

An estimated 2.1 billion adults and children worldwide are obese (1), imposing a substantial burden on people’s personal health and on society as a whole, as excess adiposity is associated with a number of cardiometabolic complications. These include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, each of which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (2,3...

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: This editorial covers a hot topic in fields of obesity and cardiovascular disease and can help reaserchers to design relevant studies and also healch care provider to pay more attention to metabolic risk factors. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly...