The synthesis and characterization of four p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-hydroxamic acids are reported. The dependence of the metal ion binding, assessed by liquid–liquid extraction of the metal nitrates from water into dichloromethane in individual and competitive experiments, on the ligand structure, is presented. The results showed that those ligands could be successfully used in separation proc...

The constants of the extraction equilibrium and the distribution for dichloromethane as an organic solvent having low dielectric constant of metal cations with chiral Schiff bases, benzaldehydene-(S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanol (I), ohydroxybenzaldehydene-(S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-propanol (II), benzaldehydene-(S)-2amino-3-methylbutanol (III) with anionic dyes [4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol mono sodium m...

This review aims to provide an overview of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods and their potential use in inorganic analysis. Relevant applications to the determination of metal ions, metalloids and organometals are included. The phase separation mechanisms of these unconventional solvent extraction techniques are discussed. T...

soil washing by mobilizing is one of in-situ techniques for soil decontamination. applying this technique to the contaminated soils could be followed by many environmental problems. therefore, it is important to study the effective factors on removal of heavy metals from different forms. in the present research, the forms of zn, pb, and cd in three contaminated soils from the zinc-lead smelting...

Supercritical fluids are quickly becoming a realistic alternative to conventional organic media used in the extraction of metal ions from aqueous phases. However, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is complicated by the inherent low pH (~ 3) associated with CO2 in contact with water. However, we have recently shown that selective extraction of the metal ions can be achieved through the contro...

The extraction of chromium (VI) from hydrochloric, hydrobromic, and acetic acid solutions with Tri caprylamine oxide (TCAO) in benzene has been studied. The extractions from hydrochloric and hydrobromic, acid solutions are nearly quantitative and are partial from acetic acid solutions. The optimum conditions for extraction were established from the study of the effect of several variables like–...

The extraction behavior of several divalent metal cations (M(2+)) in ionic liquid chelate extraction systems was investigated using several 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids ([Rmim][Tf(2)N]) as extraction solvent and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) as extractant. The behavior was compared with that using less hydrophobic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexa...

A novel cyclohexane/water/ionic-liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6]) triphasic extraction system was studied for a possible fractional extraction of divalent metal cations with co-using 8-quinolinol (HQ) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as competitive extractants. In this system, Ni2+ was extracted into the [bmim][PF6] phase as a Q(-)-complex, whereas each ...

This paper addresses post-routing capacitance extraction during performance-driven layout. We rst show how basic drivers in process technology (planarization and minimum metal density requirements) actually simplify the extraction problem; we do this by proposing and validating ve \foundations" through detailed experiments with representative 0:18 m process parameters and a 3-D eld solver. We t...

The extraction of nickel(II) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solution by I-phenyl 3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one (PMBP-OH) dissolved in carbon tetrachloride has been studied. The extraction of nickel(II) from the aqueous solution in the range of 1.0-5.0 M hydrogen ion concentration has been found to be much higher compared to that of cobalt(II). The extraction of nickel with PMBPOH is simple, f...