Interpreting metaphor is a hard but important problem in natural language processing that has numerous applications. One way to address this task is by finding a paraphrase that can replace the metaphorically used word in a given context. This approach has been previously implemented only within supervised frameworks, relying on manually constructed lexical resources, such as WordNet. In contra...

Metaphor is pervasive in our communication, which makes it an important problem for natural language processing (NLP). Numerous approaches to metaphor processing have thus been proposed, all of which relied on linguistic features and textual data to construct their models. Human metaphor comprehension is, however, known to rely on both our linguistic and perceptual experience, and vision can pl...

The word portal can be used to represent many different things, ranging from the elaborate entranceway to a medieval cathedral to a gateway to information on the Internet. What all the usages have in common, though, is the idea of facilitating access to some place or some thing. In addition to its use in relation to Web portals, the term can also be used more metaphorically to allude to an entr...

On a daily basis, both patients and providers are confronted with the complicated problem of pain. Unfortunately, pain is prevalent among persons infected with HIV-1 and is undertreated.2 Metaphorically, pain can be likened to sound. At the same decibel level, different persons will perceive the same level of sound as pleasant or unpleasant. At either end of the spectrum (ie, no sound and extre...

This article discusses metaphor annotation in a corpus of argumentative essays written by test-takers during a standardized examination for graduate school admission. The quality of argumentation being the focus of the project, we developed a metaphor annotation protocol that targets metaphors that are relevant for the writer’s arguments. The reliability of the protocol is κ=0.58, on a set of 1...

Many theories have been developed that attempt to explain innovation-driven organizational transformation, each with their respective models. Most process models use geometric shapes to represent variables of interest, and lines and arrows to show effects and relationships. While these models are useful for illustrating direct causality, they are less useful for illustrating more complex intera...

A corpus analysis of the standard Java documentation revealed the range of conceptual metaphors shared by library authors and users of packages such as java.util and java.bean. These metaphors included the expected mental models of internal program behaviour, but also consistent references to a spatial image-world with material properties and flows. More surprisingly, program components are met...

The battlefield commander or the CEO of a company is “an intuitive statistician” and a cognitive information processor. The commander must first make sense of the complex information provided from different sources. While there are availability of information technology to help the commander in data processing and analysis, it is not surprising that in realtime operations, the commander falls b...

It is often overlooked that local quantum physics has a built in quantum localization structure which may under certain circumstances disagree with (differential, algebraic) geometric ideas. String theory originated from such a spectacular misinterpretation of a source-target embedding in which an inner symmetry of the source object becomes the Lorentz symmetry of the target space. The quantum ...

While German business’s complicity in Nazi-era crimes from “Aryanization” to forced labor and mass murder has been well documented by historical research, corporate expansion into occupied Europe received much less attention. Beyond plundering recruitment we still know little about what companies actually did abroad whether it mattered the actual war effort. The present article follows several ...